Menya ubwoko bw’imiti ikoreshwa muri iki gihe kwa muganga

Ni kenshi iyo twahuye n’uburwayi maze igihe tubonanye na muganga akatubwira ko ahisemo kutwandikira antibiotique kubera infection asanze mu maraso ariko akongeraho ko mu rwego rwo kukugabanyiriza ububabare wafata na paracetamol.

Muri iyi nkuru turagaruka ku bwoko bw’imiti ikoreshwa muri iki gihe kwa muganga, urutonde rw’iyi miti rukaba rwarakozwe hakurikije ubwoko bw’indwara zivura ni ukuvuga akamaro kayo mu gukumira cyangwa mu kwica ibitera indwara.

I.Antibiotiques

Antibiotique ni imiti yagenewe kuvura ubwoko bwa mikorobi bwitwa “bacteries”.
Iyi miti yica izi bacteries ( action bactericide) cyangwa igahagarika ukwiyongera kw’izi microbes mu mubiri ( action bacteriostatique).

Muri antibiotiques dusangamo ubwoko bukurikira:

Penicillines: (urugero: amoxicilline). Iyi miti ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zirimo anjine n’indwara zo mu buhumekero ( umusonga, tetanosi), izo mu mpyiko n’izo mu mitsi y’inkari, syphillis n’izindi.
1. Macrolides: (urugero: azithromycine, erythromycine, clarithromycine)

Ikoreshwa havurwa indwara zo mu bihaha ( pneumonie), izo mu rwungano ngogozi ( Helicobacter pylori itera udusebe mu gifu) , izo mu myanya ndangagitsina ( chlamidia) n’ izo ku ruhu.

3. Tetracyclines:(urugero: doxycycline). Zivura:

– indwara z’ubuhumekero: bronchite n’umusonga;
– mu myanya ndangagitsina: Chlamydia, syphillis;
– Iz’uruhu :acne ( utubyimba ku ruhu)
– Izo mu nzira y’ibiribwa: H.pylori, cholera;
– Iziterwa n’ibihumyo cyangwa iziterwa n’udukoko: malaria

3.Quinolones : ( ciprofloxacine, levrofloxacine, ofloxacine norfloxacine), zivura:
– Uburwayi bwo mu mpyiko no mu nzira z’inkari ( cystite)
– mu myanya y’ubuhumekero ( umusonga, bronchite)

– Mu nzira z’ibiryo: Dysenterie

– Indwara zo ku ruhu

II.Analgesiques

Ni imiti igabanya ububabare.Iyi miti ihagarika ubutumwa bw’ahari ububare ku bwonko, bigatuma umurwayi agira agahenge k’igihe runaka, bivuze ko iyi miti itavura indwara nyirizina.

Muri hari:

Analgesiques zoroheje

1. Paracetamol: Igabanya ububabare bworoshye nko kuribwa mu mutwe cyangwa kubabara mu mikaya
2. Asprine: Igabanya ububabare ariko igakoreshwa mu kugabanya umuriro ndetse ikanavura na zimwe mu ndwara za inflammation.

Opioides

Ni itsinda ry’imiti ikoreshwa mu kugabanya  ububabare bukabije. Iyi miti ikora ku bwonko no ku myakura, igabanya uburyo umubiri wimva ububabare.

1.Morphine:.lkoreshwa mu buvuzi bw’indwara zikomeye (cancer) cyangwa mu gihe cy’ibikorwa byo kubaga.

2. Codeine: Ukoreshwa ku bubare bworoheje kandi ikaba ivangwa n’indi bavura zimwe mu ndwara.
3. Anti-inflammatoires non steroidiens

ni itsinda ry’imiti ikoreshwa mu kugabanya ububabare, kuvura inflammation (arthrite) no mu kugabanya umuriro. Izwi cyane ni Ibuprofene na Diclofenac.

III.Anti viraux

Iyi miti ikoreshwa havurwa indwara ziterwa na virus. Iyi miti ntabwo yica utu dukoko  ariko kandi ikora  buryo butandukanye , harimo guhagarika ukwiyongera kwa Virus, gutuma virus idashobora kwinjira muturemangingo tw’umubiri cyangwa kongerera ubudahangarwa umubiri kugira ngo ushobore kwirwanaho.

1. Ivura grippe: Oseltamivir ( Tamiflu)

Ikoreshwa hirindwa cyangwa bavura ibimenyetso bya grippe.

2. Antiretroviraux (ARV) , nka Tenovir na Dolutegravir. Igenzura uburwayi buterwa na virus ikagabanya ubwiyongere bwa virus mu mubiri.
3. Ivura hepatite : Sofosbuvir ivura hepatite C, na Entecavir ivura hepatite A.

IV.Antihypertenseur:

Ni imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura cga mu kugabanya umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso. Iyi miti ifasha amaraso gutembera neza mu mitsi nokugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z’umutima na stroke

Muri yo hari

1. Diuretics : Ituma umubiri usohora amazi n’umuntu wa sodium bikagabanya umuduko w’amaraso

Urugero: Hydrochlorothiazide.

2. Beta-blockers: Ituma umutima utera buhoro ukagira n’intege nke, , umuvuduko nanone ukagabanuka;

Urugero: Metoprolol.

3. Ace-inhibitors: Igabanya imisemburo ituma imitsi y’amaraso igambarara, ikomera , hagakurikiraho kwirekura kw’iyi mitsi ibituma umuvuduko ugabanuka

Urugero: Enalapril, Ramipril.

4. Calcium channels blockers: Igabanya imbaraga z’amaraso mu mitsi, amaraso agatembera neza. Urugero: Amlodipine, nifedipine, verapamil

V.Antidepresseurs

Ni imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara yo kwiheba ( depression,) cyangwa indwara zifitanye isano n’imitekerereze nk’ubwoba bukabije ( anxiety disorders). Iyi miti ikora mu buryo bwo guhindura imikorere y’imisemburo y’ubwonko cyane cyane serotonin, dopamine na norepinephrine, kugira ngo ifashe umuntu kumva yorohewe mu mutwe!

Muriyo twavuga: SSRIS, SNRIS, Tricyclic anti depresseurs na MAOIs

Vaccins:

Ni inyunganizi mu buzima zikoreshwa mu kurinda indwara ziterwa n’udukoko twanduza cyangwa virus. Izi nkingo zifasha gukangura abasirikare b’umubiri ( immune system) kugira ngo ushobore guhangana n’indwara ziterwa n’utu dukoko igihe umuntu yahuye natwo.
Urugero: BCG ifasha mu kurinda indwara y’igituntu, inkingo za polio zirinda imbasa.
VI.Anti inflammatoires

Ikoreshwa mu kuvura ububabare na inflammation yatewe n’uburwayi cyangwa gukomereka. Iyi miti ikora mu kugabanya imisemburo izwo nka prostaglandines igira uruhare muri ubu burwayi.

Iyi miti irimo ibyiciro 2

1. Corticoide: Ikora ku misemburo ikomeye y’umubiri igakoreshwa mu kuvura inflammatoon chronique
2. Anti inflammatoires non steroides: Ibuprofen aspirin, naprotex, zikoreshwa mu kuvura ububabare bworoheje na inflammation zoroheje.

VII.Anti histamique

Ni imiti ikoreshwa mu guhagarika cyangwa kugabanya ibikorwa by’umusemburo witwa histamine. Histamine igira uruhare mu gusubiza ibibazo by’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri nk’igihe umuntu agize allergies.

Hari ibyiciro 2 by’ingenzi bya antihistamique.

Anti histamine H1: Ivura uburwayi bwo kwishimagura, ibicurane cyangwa izindi allergies

Anti histamine H2: Kuvura ibibazo nk’iby’igifu igabanya acide gastric yo mu gifu

Iby’ingenzi wamenya ku nyito “infection” na inflammation” zikunze gukoreshwa mu kiganga

Twifashishije :www. wikipedia.org na www.vidal.fr

Umwanditsi: Musengimana Emmanuel