UBWIYONGERE BW’IMBOGO MURI PARIKI Y’IGIHUGU Y’IBIRUNGA IHURIZO KURI RDB

Mu gitondo cyo kuwa gatandatu, taliki ya  18/05/2024, hakomeje gukwirakwira mu itangaamakuru  amakuru y’imbogo zarenze imbibe za Parki y’ibirunga zikaza mu baturage, zigakomeretsa ku buryo bukomeye bamwe muri bo. Si ubwa mbere izi mbogo zambuka imbibe za Parki zikibasira abaturiye parki ndetse n’imyaka yabo iba iri mu murima, kuko nta gihe gishyira muri kariya gace hatumvikanye  amakuru y’izo mbogo zambuka zikangiza imyaka y’abaturage muri iriya mirenge yegereye pariki y’ibirunga, ndetse benshi mu baturiye iyi parki bemeza ko umusaruro wabo ukomeje kugabanuka kubera konerwa n’izi nyamaswa. Nubwo hashyizweho ikigega cy’indishyi ku bangirizwa n’izi nyamaswa, abaturage bakomeje kugaragaza ko indishyi n’impozamarira bahabwa biba bitajyanye n’imitungo yabo iba yangijwe n’izi nyamaswa ziganjemo imbogo, bakabona icyihutirwa ari ugushakira umuti urambye iki kibazo. Abahanga mu bumenyi bw’ibyanya ( ecologistes), bemeza ko igihe cyose muri ibi byanya hatabonekamo ku buryo buringanijwe ubwoko bw’inyamaswa zirya ibyatsi ( herbivores), ubw’izirya inyama ( carnivores) ndetse ni z’uburya byose ( omnvivores), bitera ibibazo bikomeye mu icunga ry’ibi byanya, akaba aribyo tugarukaho muri iyi nkuru.

Pariki y’igihugu y’ibirunga ni parki iherereye mu majyauguru y’uburengerazuba bw’ U Rwanda, mu turere twa Burera, Musanze, Nyabihu na Rubavu, ikaba iri ku buso bwa hegitari ibihumbi 13. Iyi pariki igizwe cyane n’ishyamba ry’inzitane ritoshye, urugano,n’ibindi byatsi byubaka ibihuru, byose biboneka ku birunga bya Muhabura, Gahinga, Sabyinyo, Bisoke na Kalisimbi.

Muri iri shyamba habonekamo ubwoko bw’inyamaswa ziganjemo imbogo, inzovu ,ingagi ndetse  n’utundi tunyamaswa duto, izi nyamaswa zose zikaba zihuriye ku kuba zitunzwe no kurisha ibyatsi ( herbivores).

Kuzitira pariki no kuyagura, ibisubizo bidahagije ku kibazo cy’inyamaswa zonera abaturage.

Aganira n’Umunyamakuru wa RBA, Guverneri w’Intara y’amajyaruguru Bwana Maurice Mugabowagahunde,  nawe wari wagiye mu gikorwa cy’ubutabazi, yamubwiye ko iki kibazo cy’izi nyamaswa kirimo kuvugutirwa umuti, hashyirwa uruzitiro rukomeye ku nkengero za Pariki, ndetse hanashyirwa mu bikorwa umushinga wo kwagura Parki y’ibirunga, ibizatuma iyi parki yaguka, izi nyamaswa zikabona urwinyagamburiro. Hari ababona izi ngamba zidahagije cyane ko ibyo kuzitira neza iyi pariki ku buryo nta nyamaswa yarenga pariki bikigoranye kubera imiterere y’iyi pariki iri ku butaka buhanamye, ikindi iyi pariki ikaba idaherereye mu Rwanda gusa, bikaba byasaba ubufatanye bw’ibindi bihugu bikora kuri iri shyamba ngo iki gikorwa kigende neza. Naho ku byerekeye kwagura pariki, hari ababona ko kuyagura ari igikorwa kigamije inyungu z’ubukungu kurusha kuba aricyo gushakira umuti ikibazo cy’izi nyamaswa zihohotera abaturage.

Imbogo nk’inyamaswa ikunze kwibasira abaturiye Pariki y’ibirunga

Imwe mu nyamaswa ziboneka ku bwinshi muuri parki y’ibirunga ni imbogo ari nazo zikunze kugaragara mu bikorwa byo kurenga imbibe za Pariki zikibasira abaturage. Izi mbogo zambuka imbibe za pariki zikurikiye ibyatsi bitoshye bigizwe n’imyaka y’abaturage iba iri mu mirima cyangwa zikambuka ku mpamvu y’ibyo twakwita amakimbirane aba yavutse mu miryango zibarizwamo.

Izi mbogo ni izo mu bwoko bwa “buffles d’Afrique”, zikarangwa no  kuba mu mukumbi ( troupeau) w’ibinyacumi cyangwa abinyejan,  zigakunda gutabarana iyo zitewe n’umwanzi. Uw’ingenzi muri abo banzi b’imbogo ni intare ariko n’utwana twazo dukunze kwibasirwa n’ingona, impyisi cyangwa ingwe.  Imbogo ikuze y’ikigabo ishobora kugira hagati y’ibiro 700 kugeza kuri 900, naho ikigore kikagira hagati y’ibiro 300 na 500.  Ingore zitangira kubyara ku myaka 5 kandi zikabyara icyana kimwe mu buzima bwazo. Zihaka hagati y’amezi 11 na 12 , icyana kikavukana ibiro 40, zikonsa mu gihe cy’imyaka 2.  Imboga isaza ku myaka 15 kugeza kuri 18. Imbogo ni inyamaswa y’ingome cyae cyane igihe yakomerekejwe.

Umubare w’imbogo muri Pariki y’ibirunga uzarushaho kwiyongera

Nubwo bigaragaraga ko imbogo zitororoka vuba, ntabwo byazibuza kwiyongera cyane  mu gihe nta nyamaswa zindi ziyigiraho nk’umuhigo no mu gihe nta byorezo bikomeye byibasira izi nyamaswa  kuri ubu, ibyatuma iki kibazo cy’inyamswa zonera abaturage kirushaho gufata indi ntera.

Koko rero, kimwe n’inka, imbogo zakunze kwibasirwa ni indwara zirimo iy’ubutaka ( peste bovine) igituntu (tuberculose) ariko kuri ubu izi ndwara ntizikiri ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima bw’imbogo. Indwara kuri ubu bivugwa ko ikiboneka mu mbogo z’ishyamba ni iy’uburenge   (fievre aphteuse) kandi nayo nta mibare ihari igaragaza ko yaba ari icyorezo kuri izi nyamaswa.

Nubwo mu bihe byo hambere havuzwe ko iyi pariki yigeze guturwamo n’intare n’ingwe, ibikoko bizwiho gutungwa n’umuhigo, muri iki gihe nta nyamaswa itungwa n’umuhigo igaragara ituye muri iyi pariki, ibishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by’ubwiyongere bukabije  bw’inyamaswa zirya ibyatsi.

Birazwi ko  umuhigi w’ibanze ku mbogo ari intare, gusa imibereho yayo ntiyihanganira ubuzima bwo mu ishyamba ry’inzitane kandi rihanamye nka pariki y’ibirunga. Intare zikunze kwibera mu mashyamba y’imikenke  ( savane), mu mashyamba atari inzitane ( semi ouvert) ndetse no mu bisa n’ahajya kwegera ubutayu ( semi desert), hafi y’imigezi itemba. Imiterere nk’iyi ikaba iyorohereza gukora umuhigo no kubona amazi ku buryo bworoshye.

Ibyo kuba hazanwa muri pariki y’ibirunga intare nk’uko byakozwe muri Pariki y’Akagera ngo zibe zagabanya ubwiyongere bw’imbogo, ntabwo byashoboka kuko izakoherezwayo ntizamara kabiri kubera kubura ikizitunga.

Ubundi buryo bwagatekerejweho ni ubwo gutanga impushya zo guhinga izi nyamaswa nk’uko ibihugu birimo Zimbabwe na Botswana zabigenje igihe zahuraga n’ikibazo cy’ubwiyongere bukabije bw’inzovu n’imbogo muri pariki zabyo. Gusa imiikorere nk’iyi yamaganwa  bikomeye n’impirimbanyi z’ibidukikije zo zemeza ko ikibazo ahubwo gikomereye Isi ari icy’igabanuka rikomeye ry’izi nyamaswa, hakaba hakwiye gushyirwa imbere ingamba zo kuzirinda aho gushyiraho amategeko azimarira ku icumu.

Mu gihe bigaragara ko ikibazo cy’izi nyamaswa zibasira abaturiye pariki kigenda gifata indi ntera, mu gihe kandi  bigaragara ko ingamba zafashwe mu gukemura iki kibazo harimo kurindira izi nyamaswa mu cyanya cyazo hashyirwa uruzitiro, zikenewe gushyirwamo ingufu,  ni byiza ko igena migambi ku bidukikije ryazatekereza no ku zindi ngamba zazifashishwa mu bihe biri mbere hagamije guhangana n’iki kibazo cyazaba ingorabizi ku buzima bw’abaturage baturiye kiriya cyanya.

 

Hifashishijwe :

https://sciencenotes.org/herbivores-carnivores-and-omnivores/

https://www.instinct-animal.fr/buffle-afrique/

Umwanditsi : MUSEMMA

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