Iby’ingenzi biranga indwara iterwa na virus ya Marburg, virus iri mu muryango umwe na virus itera Ebola

September 28, 2024September 28, 2024 aut-editor

Mu itangazo ministere y’ubuzima yashyize hanze kuwa 27/09/2024, yatangaje ko hashyizweho ingamba zo kwirinda no guhangana n’indwara y’umuriro mwinshi iterwa na Virus ya Marburg. Nk’uko iri tangazo rikomeza ribivuga, ngo mu bitaro bitandukanye byo mu Rwanda habonetse abarwayi bake bafite ibimenyetso by’indwara iterwa na virus ya Marburg, kandi ko mu gihe hakorwa iperereza rigamije kumenya inkomoko y’iyi ndwara, hashyizweho ingamba zo kuyirinda no kuyikumira mu bitaro no mu bigo nderabuzima bitandukanye byo mu gihugu cyacu.

Virunga Today, nk’ikinyamakuru cyashyize imbere ubumenyi ku bw’inyungu z’abaturage cyifuje kugeza ku basomyi bacyo ibiranga iyi ndwara ndetse n’itandukaniro riri hagati yayo n’indi ndwara ya Ebola nayo yakunze kugarika ingogo mu karere dutuyemo, ibi ari ukugira ngo twese dushobore gufata ingamba zo kuyirinda nk’uko bigarukwaho n’iri tangazo rya Ministere y’ubuzima.

Ibiranga indwara iterwa na Virus ya Marburg

Indwara iterwa na Virus ya Marburg, ni indwara ikaze kandi ishobora guhitana uyirwaye. Dore ibiranga iyi ndwara

1.Inkomo yayo nuko ihererekanywa ( orgine et transmission)

Virus ya Marburg yatahuwe bwa mbere mu mwaka wa 1967, igihe yadukaga nk’icyorezo i Marburg na Frankfort ( Ubudage), ndetse n’i Belgrade ( Serbie). Uku kwaduka byavuzwe ko kwari gufitanye isano n’imirimo y’ubushakashatsi yakorerwaga ku nguge z’icyatsi ( singes verts) zari zivanywe mu gihugu cya Uganda.
Uducurama dutungwa n’imbuto ((Rousettus aegyptiacus) nitwo dutereza abantu iyi virus. Abantu bakunze kuba muri birombe by’amabuye y’agaciro, cyangwa mu buvumo bituwemo n’utu ducurama akaba aribo bakunze kugaragaraho ubu burwayi.

Kwanduzanya hagati y’abantu bikorwa igihe umuntu akora ku maraso no ku matembabuzi y’undi muntu uyirwaye cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho birimo amashuka cyangwa imyenda yagiyeho amatembabuzi y’uyirwaye.

Bikunze kubaho kandi ko abakozi bo kwa muganga bita ku barwayi cyangwa ku bakekwaho iyi ndwara bafatwa nayo, ibi bigaterwa no kutitwararika igihe begera aba barwayi.

Imihango yo gushyingura uwahitanywe n’iyi ndwara, ikorwa bakora ku mubiri wa nyakwigendera nayo ishobora gutuma hakwirakwizwa ubu burwayi.

Umuntu akomeza kugira ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza iyi virus, igihe cyose iyi virus ikiri mu maraso ye.

Kwanduzanya biturutse ku bikoresho byo kwa muganga nabyo bibaho ighe iyi ndwara yagize ubukana bwinshi, ihitana benshi cyangwa yarembeje umurwayi.

Iyi virus ntabwo yandurira mu mwuka.

Ibemenyetso by’iyi ndwara ( Symptômes)

Iyi ndwara yigaragaza ( incubation) nyuma y’iminsi 2 kugeza kuri 21, virus igeze mu mubiri;
Ibimenyetso by’ibanze by’iyi ndwara ni : Umuriro mwinshi, umutwe ukabije, kumva utameze neza no kuribwa mu mikaya.
Ibimenyetso bikurikira: Kugira iseseme, kuruka, guhitwa, kuzana uduhere ku mubiri, imyuna y’imbere n’inyuma ( hemorragies internes et externes)

Iminsi ya nyuma ku murwayi n’mfu z’iyi ndwara (Gravité et Létalité)

Mu gice cya nyuma cy’ubu burwayi, umurwayi agira umuriro uri ku gipimo cyo hejuru, ubwonko bukibasirwa ku buryo umurwayi asa n’uta ubwenge, akagira umushiha. Hakurikiraho urupfu mu minsi 8 cyangwa 9 hagaragaye ibimenyetso bya mbere, rikabanzirizwa no gutakaza amaraso menshi no gutakaza ubushobozi ku mubiri bwo kugeza amaraso mu bice binyuranye by’umubiri ( choc).
Iyi ndwara ihitana ku mpuzandengo ya 50% abo iba yafashe, ariko uyu mubare ushobora guhinduka, ukaba hagati ya 24% na 88% bitewe n’ubwoko bwa virus (souche) cyangwa bitewe nuko abarwayi bitaweho.

Kwirinda no kuvura indwara ya virus ya Marburg (Prévention et Traitement)

Kwirinda gukora k’uducurama no ku bantu bafashwe n’ubu burwayi, no gukurikiza amabwiriza aba yatanzwe n’inzego z’ubuvuzi hagamije gukumira iki cyorezo.
Nta muti nta n’ururkingo ku ndwara ya virus ya Marburg, ariko kwita ku murwayi hakiri kare, ahabwa imiti irinda umwuma( rehydratation), n’indi miti ihangana n’ibimenyetso by’iyi ndwara (traitement symptomatiques: analgesiques, anti-inflamatoires, bituma iyi ndwara idahitana benshi mu bafashwe n’ubu burwayi.

Kugeraranya Virus ya Ebola n’iya Marburg

Nubwo izi virus zihurira ku kuba ziri mu muryango umwe wa za Virus bita “filovirus” zirangwa no gutera uburwayi burangwa n’umuriro mwinshi ndetse no kuva maraso mu myenge inyuranye yo ku mubiri wacu, hari itandukaniro rito riri hagati y’izi virus zombi

Inkomoko y’ibanze ( Orgine et transmission initiale)

Mu gihe virus ya Marburg igaragara ku bantu bibera mu buvumo cyangwa mu birombe bituwemo n’ubucurama, kwandura kw’ibanze kwa Ebola bibaho ighe habayeho gukora ku maraso cyangwa ku matembabuzi y’inyaamaswa zifite iyi virus, zirimo uducurama, inguge, ingagi,ibiteri, impongo cyangwa ibinyogote, byose by’ishyamba

Ibimenyetso ( symptomes)

Izindwara zombi zisangiye ibimenyetso harimo umuriro mwinshi uziyeho, kuribwa mu mutwe, kugira umunaniro, kuribwa mu mikaya no mu ngingo, iseseme no kuruka, kuribwa mu nda, no guhitwa-buzi, kubura ipfa, ibiheri ku mubiri no kuva ahantu hose hari umwenge ku mubiri.

Uko byagenda kose ariko Virus ya Ebola igira ubukana ( mu byorezo bimwe byayo, hari aho yahitanye abagera kuri 90% mubayirwaye ) kurusha iya Marburg

Ubuvuzi n’urukingo (traitement et vaccins)

Nta muti nta n’urukingo bihari kuri virus ya Marburg, naho ku bijyanye na Ebola hari urukingo ndetse n’imiti ku bwoko ( souchez) bumwe bwayo.

Ubukana mu kwandura

Virus ya Ebola yandura ikanakwirakwira vuba kurusha gato iya Marburg

5. Ubwoko

Virus ya Ebola yigaragaje mu bwoko bwinshi: Ebola ya Zaire, iya Soudan na Ebola Reston, naho Virus ya Marburg yo yigaragaza mu bwoko bumwe gusa.

6.Aho zigaragaje

Ibyorezo bya Ebola byagiye byigaragaza kenshi mu bihugu by’Afrika b’iburengerazuba niyo hagati, naho virus ya Marburg yagiye yigaragaza mu dutero shuma ( sporadique), no mu birombe by’amabuye y’agaciro ndetse no mu buvumo bituwemo n’uducarama.