Amategeko y’ U Rwanda n’ikibazo cy’urusaku rubangamira umudendezo w’abaturarwanda

Hirya no hino mu gihugu cyacu, by’umwihariko mu mujyi wa Musanze hakomeje kuvugwa ahantu hanyuranye hakiva urusaku ruremereye rukabangamira umudendezo w’abaturage. Mu nsengero zinyuranye, mu tubari ndetse no mu bitaramo binyuranye, hakomeje kuvugwa imikorere n’imyitwarire ituma habaho bene urwo rusaku nyamara amategeko dufite mu gihugu cyacu abuza ndetse akagenera ibihano abo bose barenga kuri ayo mategeko n’amabwiriza arengera ubuzima bw’abanyarwanda. Aba bose rero bakaba basabwa kugabanya ibipimo by’urusaku bateza bahitamo kugabanya volume z’ibikorsho byabo cyangwa se bagashyira aho bakorera ( insengero, inzu z’imyidagaduro…, ibikoresho bituma hakumirwa uru rusaku, bityo ntirubanganire abaturage.

Ikinyamakuru Virunga Today cyahisemo kugaragariza abasomyi bacyo, icyo amategeko igihugu cyacu kigenderaho avuga kuri ibi bikorwa bibyara urusaku bikabangamira umdendezo w’abaturarwanda.

Kuki amategeko abuza urusaku ruremereye

Abahanga mu bumenyi mu by’imyumvire bemeza ko bene uru rusaku ruremereye rugira ingaruka zitari nziza ku buzima bwa muntu,  haba ku matwi ubwayo nk’urugingo rugenewe kumva ndetse no ku buzima bwa buri munsi bwa muntu uba wahuye n’urwo rusaku.

Ku matwi:

1. Kunaniza amatwi: Birangwa no kudiha mu matwi ( acouphene) cyangwa injereri, no kugabanuka bikabije k’ubushobozi bwo kumva;
2. Gupfa amatwi: Guhura n’urusaku mu gihe kirekire bishobora kwangiriza uturemangingo tuba mu matwi, ibyakurura gupfa amatwi kwa burundu.

Ku bundi buzima busanzwe

1. Kubura ibitotsi: Urusaku rubuza ibitotsi bigatuma haba umunaniro ndetse no guhungiza (somnoler) ku wahuye n’uru rusaku ;
2. Indwara z’umutima: Urusaku ruremereye ku muntu bijyana n’ukwiyongera k’umuvuduko w’amaraso kuri we, ibishobora kumukurira uburwayi bunyuranye bwibasira umutima.
3. Kugira Stress: Urusaku rwinshi rutuma umubiri w’umuntu uvubura umisemburo wa cortisol utera stress
4. Kugabanyuka bikabije k’ubushobozi bwo bwo kureba, gutekereza, gufata mu mutwe no gukemura ibibazo ( baisse des performances cognitives)

Amategeko n’amabwiriza y’ U Rwanda ku bijyanye n’urusaku ruremereye

Hari amategeko 2 n’ibwiriza 1 azwi cyane mu mategeko yo mu gihugu cyacu bivuga ku kibazo cy’urusaku ruremereye ndetse akanateganya ibihano kuri abo bose bateza urusaku rubangamira abaturage.

Itegeko no 048/2018 ryo kuwa 13/08/2018 rigenga ibidukikje

Iri tegeko rigamije kugena uburyo bwo kurengera, kubungabunga no guteza imbere ibidukikije. mu ngingo zaryo za 43 na 53, hagarukwa ku bijyanye n’urusaku rwangiza cyangwa rukabangamira ubuzima bw’abantu.

Mu ngingo ya 43, bemeza ko ibikorwa biteza urusaku rwangiza cyangwa bikabangamira ubuzima bw’abantu bibujijwe kandi ko urusaku rwose rugomba kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubiziranenge yashyizweho n’ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha.

Mu ngingo ya 53, havugwamo ibihano bigenerwa uwateje urusaku rurengeje ibipimo. Uwarenze kuri iri tegeko ahanishwa ihazabu yo mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi y’amafaranga y’ U Rwanda anagana n’ibihumbi magana atanu.

68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2028 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange

Ingingo ya 267 y’iri tegeko igira iti : Umuntu wese utera urusaku ku buryo bihungabanya umutuzo w’abaturage nta mpamvu igaragara cyangwa atabiherewe uburenganzira, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi y’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 FRW). Iyo habaye isubiracyaha, ibihano biba igifungo kitari munsi y’iminsi umunani (8) ariko kitarenze ukwezi kumwe (1) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000 FRW) cyangwa kimwe muri ibyo bihano.

Amabwiriza ya ministre  w’ibidukikje no 001 yo kuwa 12/07/2023 akumira urusaku rubangamira umudendezo w’abaturage.

Aya mabwiriza ashyiraho:

1. uburyo bwo kurwanya no gukumira urusaku
2. Guhuza ibikorwa n’uburyo bw’igenzura, haganijwe gukumira urusaku
3. Gushyiraho no kumenyekanisha ibipimo ntarengwa by’amajwi
4. Gukurikirana no gusuzuma iyubahirizwa ry’aya mabwiriza n’ibipimo ntarengwa by’amajwi.

Ibice ( zones), amasaha n’urugero ntarengwa rw’amajwi muri zone

Mu ngingo ya 5 y’aya mabwiriza niho bagaragaza ibipimo ntarengwa by’amajwi muri buri zones. Ni ukuvuga mu bice binyuranye aribyo: igice cyagenewe imiturire, icy’ubucuruzi, icyagenewe inganda , n’igice cyagenewe ituze.

Nko mu gice cyagenewe imiturire, urugero ntarengwa rw’amajwi ku manywa ( kuva 6h00 kugeza 21h00) ni 55 decibel naho nijoro ni 45. Aha hahita havuka ikibazo cyo kumenya ibisobanuro by’ibi bipimo.

40-60db: igipimo cy’urusaku rwo mu biro bitekanye, cyangwa igipimo cy’urusaku igihe abantu baganira bisanzwe.

Izindi ngingo z’ingenzi zigize iri tegeko

Iri tegeko kandi mu ngingo yaryo ya 6, ritanga urugero ntarengwa z’urusaku  imbere n’inyuma mu nyubako zikorerwamo, naho mu ngingo yaryo ya 7,rikagaragaza igihe ntarengwa umuntu atagomba kurenza mu rusaku.

Iyo usomye ibikubiye muri aya mabawiriza uhita ubona ko bikigoye kuri benshi kuyubahiriza cyane ko na benshi mubo areba batazi ko abaho, byongeye kandi aya mabwiriza akaba atarasobanuye ku buryo burambuye ibijyanye na biriya bipimo bya decibels.

Ibyo aribyo byose aya mabwiriza agomba kubahirizwa uko yakabaye, atari ibyo inzego zinyuranye zirimo polisi, urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe ubugenzacyaha, umujyi wa Kigali n’Uturere bikaba bisabwa kureba niba aya mabwiriza yubahirizwa nk’uko bivugwa mu ngingo ya 15 y’aya mabwiriza, abatayubahiriza bagafatirwa ibihano nk’uko byagarutsweho mu mategeko n’amabwiriza twagarutseho muri iyi nkuru.

Twifashishije

https://www.ameli.fr

https://www.virungatoday.rw/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Amabwiriza-ya-Minisitiri-akumira-urusaku.-Final-Ministerial-regulations-preventing-noise-pollution.pdf

 

Umwanditsi: Musengimana Emmanuel