Byinshi wamenya kuri whites flies, udusimba twibasiriye ibihingwa mu duce tw’ubutaka bw’amakoro

Nk’uko twabigarutseho mu nkuru iheruka, abaturiye uduce tw’ubutaka bw’amakoro y’ibirunga,  bamaze imyaka igera kuri 3 bibasiwe n’udusimba duto two mu bwoko bwa leurode  buzwi ku izina rya white fly ( isazi z’umweru) , twiraye mu myaka irimo iy’ibishyimbo turayonona, n’imiti yari isanzwe ikoreshwa mu kurwanya udukoko twangiza imyaka ntiyashobora guhangana n’utu dukoko, bituma benshi mu bahinzi bazinukwa ibyo guhinga ibishyimbo kandi nyamara  cyari ikiribwa gifite uruhare runini mu mafunguro y’abanyarwanda.

Kuri ubu abashinzwe ubuhinzi muri ruriya duce bahagurikiye iki kibazo, bakaba basaba abahinzi gukoresha neza imiti bahawe ishobora kurwanya utu dukoko.

Nk’uko isanzwe ibigenza, Virunga Today yifashishije imbuga zitandukanye maze ibona amakuru yizewe kuri utu dukoko ari nayo yifuza gusangiza abakunzi bayo muri iyi nkuru.

Ibiranga White fly

1. Ingano n’uko dusa: white fly ni udukoko duto cyane ubusanzwe tugira uburebure buri hagatiya 1mm imwe na 2mm. Dufite amababa y’ibara ry’umweru ku buryo wakeka ko tuba twuzuyeho ivumbi cyangwa ifarini.
2. Imikurire yatwo nuko twororoka:

– Twororoka vuba cyane mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe kandi  humutse.Utu tugore dushobora gutera rero amajana menshi y’amagi mu gihe cy’ubuzima bwatwo. aya magi tukaba tuyatera  mu gice cyo hasi cy’amababi y’igihingwa.

-Nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe nibura,  aya magi arituraga akavamo ibyana (larve) bitewe n’ikigero cy’ubushyuhe.

– Utu twana tugenda duhinduka kugeza tubaye udusimba dukuru, ibi bikaba nyuma y’ibyumweru 2 kugeza kuri 3

– Utu dusimba duhita twororoka vuba na vuba ariko tukamara igihe kitarengeje icyumweru 1 kugeza kuri 2, tugahita dupfa.

White fly z’ingore zitera amagi abarirwa mu majana mu gice cyo hasi cy’amababi

3. Uko tubaho: Utu dusimba dutungwa n’amatembabuzi agizwe n’intungagihingwa  tunyunyuza mu gihingwa tuba turiho. Ibi bishobora gutuma igihingwa kigira intege nke, kikaba cyatangira kugira amababi y’umuhondo. Utu dusimba dukunze kwibera ku gice cyo munsi y’ibabi ry’igihingwa.
4. Umushongi wa miellat: Nyuma yo kunyunyuza amatembabuzi y’igihingwa, utu dusimba dusohorera ku mababi y’igihingwa umwanda: miellat, umushongi uryoherera.

   

Uburyo white fly yangiza ibihingwa.

Utu dusimba dushobora kwangiza bikomeye imyaka iri mu mirima, bikaba byagira ingaruka zikomeye ku musaruro w’ibi bihungwa.

Dore zimwe mu ngaruka z’utu dusimba ku myaka iba yahinzwe.

1. Guca intege igihingwa: Igihe tunyunyuza amatembabuzi utu dusimba dutwara intunga gihingwa z’ingenzi, igihingwa kiba gikeneye, hagakurikiraho ugucika intege kw’igihingwa cyose. Amababi aba umuhondo, agatangira kumagatana, akagwa hasi imburagihe.
2. Kubangamira ikorwa rya photo synthese. Ibi bituma igihingwa kidakura neza. Koko rero miellat ibyarwa na white fly yirunda ku mababi y’igihingwa bikabangamira ikorwa rya photosynhese, igikorwa cy’ingenzi mu gukura kw’igihingwa.
3. Gufasha mu ihererekanya rya virus z’ubwoko bwose zangiza ibihingwa. Ibi biba iyo tunyunyuza ibihingwa, maze izo virus zigateza indwara zituma amababi ndetse n’imbuto bihinamarara,bigira  ibirabaraba ku mababi, bikangiza ubwiza n’ubwinshi bw’umusaruro.
4. Kudindiza ikura ry’imyaka: Ibura ry’intunga gihingwa ndetse n’ibangamirwa rya photosynthese bituma igihingwa kigwingira, bigatuma haba igabanuka rikomeye ry’umusaruro
5. Ikiguzi cyo guhangana n’utu dusimba:

Kwibasirwa n’utu dusimba bituma umusaruro ugabanuka, abahinzi bakabura inyungu bakuraga muri ubu buhinzi, kandi hagasabwa n’imbaraga nyinshi mu bikorwa byo guhangana natwo mu gihe hagurwa imiti iturwanya.

Zimwe mu mpamvu zituma haduka white fly

Impamvu z’iryo yaduka ni nyinshi kandi biragorana kumenya impamvu rukumbi y’iri yaduka.

Dore zimwe muri izo mpamvu:

1. Igihe cy’ubushyuhe, hahereye. Utu dusimba twikundira ahantu hashyushye kandi hahereye, mu bihe nk’ibi, utu dusimba dushobora kwaduka, gutongora.
2. Ibihingwa bicucutse: Ibihingwa byegeranye ni ahantu habera utu dusimba kuko tuhabona ibiribwa ku buryo bworoshye, bugashobora no kuroroka nanone ku buryo bworoshye.
3. Kutagira utundi dusimba turya white fly. Igihe nta dusimba tundi turya white fly nk,’utwitwa : coccinelles, guepes paraditoides…., whites flies ziriyongera ku bwinshi, n’ingano y’ibyo byangiza bikiyongera.
4. Ibihingwa byacitse intege cyangwa birwaye: kubera iyo mpamvu, ibi bihingwa ntibishobora guhangana n’ubu bukoko.
5. Imirimo ikorerwa nabi mu busitani:Imyanda idakurwa mu busitani cga kuhira nabi, bituma ubu bukoko bwiyongera mu busitani.

6. Ikinyabutabire cy’azote mu butaka mu bipimo byo hejuru: Koko rero iki kinyabutabire iyo gikoreshejwe ku bwinshi gituma igihingwa gikura vuba, kikagira n’amababi atoshye. Iyi miterere ikaba ikurura utu dukoko ku bwinshi. Ikindi kandi birazwi ko ikoreshwa ry’amafumbire ku kigero cyo hejuru bica intege ibihingwa, ibyatuma byibasirwa n’utu dukoko nk’uko twabibonye hejuru.

Uburyo bwo kurwanya white fly

Mu kurwanya utu dukoko hakoreshwa uburyo bwinshi kandi bushobora gukoreshwa icyarimwe hagamijwe kutarandura burundu.

Dore bumwe muribwo

1. Igenzura rya buri gihe: kugenzura buri gihe igihingwa cyane cyane igice cyo hasi cy’amababi aho utu dukoko dukunze kwibera no gutera amagi.

2.- Controle physique: Gukoresha imitego ikozwe muri colle y’ibara ry’umuhondo kugira ngo ukurure unafate utu dusimba.

-Gukura mu murima amababi yafashwe n’ibindi byatsi bishobora kuba ubwihisho bw’utu dukoko.

3. Controle biologique:

-Korora udusimba turya white fly nka coccinelle, chrysope, guepe parasitoide, tukoherezwa mu duce tubarizwamo utu dusimba.

-Guhinga indabo n’ibyatsi bikurura utu dusimba turya white fly.

4.Controle chimique: Gukoresha insecticide zidafite ubukana bwinshi wica utu dukoko, ukirinda izifite ubukana bwinshi kuko zishobora kumerera nabi twa dusimba turya white fly.

5. Imihingire myiza ifata neza ubutaka,

-Kwirinda ikoreshwa rirengeje ibipimo ry’ifumbire irimo azote nka NPK 17 17 17 kuko ibi byorohereza ukwiyongera k’utu dukoko nk’uko twabibonye hejuru.

– Gusimburanya ibihingwa:  Iri simburanya rigabanya umubare w’utu dukoko ku buryo bugaragara. Koko rero birazwi ko utu dusimba dufite ibihingwa dukunze kwibasira, ibihingwa biryohera utu dusimba,   guhinduranya ibihingwa buri gihembwe cy’ihinga mu murima umwe, hakaba n’igihe hahingwa ibihingwa bitaryohera utu dusimba,  bibangamira imibereho  ( cycle de vie) y’utu dukoko, bikagabanya n’ubushobozi bwatwo bwo kwitunga no kororoka vuba na vuba

-Gukora ku buryo ibihingwa bigira ubuhumekero, bigahana umwanya uhagije.

-Kubagarira neza ibihingwa uvanamo ibyafashwe n’utu dukoko.

6.Gutera ibihingwa byirukana White fly

Ibihingwa birimo basilic, menthe na soucis, byirukana utu dusimba iyo bitewe hafi y’ibihingwa bikunze kwibasirwa.

Gutera imiti byonyine ntibishobora gukemura ibibazo byatewe n’utu dukoko

Nyuma y’ibi byose tuvuze kuri white fly, biragaragara ko gahunda yatangijwe n’abagronome yo gutera imiti yica utu dukoko mu mirenge ya Gahunga, Rugarama na Cyaniika, ivugwamo utu dukoko, ubwayo yonyine idahagaije ngo iki kibazo kibonerwe umuti.

Ibi byo gutera imitii byakagombye kujynana n’ubukangurambaga ku bahinzi babigisha ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire, ifumbire ya NPK 17 17 17 ntikomeze gukoreshwa mu bipimo byo hejuru kandi hakaba n’isimburanya ry’imyaka, umurima umwe ntuhozwemo igihingwa kimwe. Naho ubundi ikoreshwa ry’iyi miti ryonyine naryo ritagenzuwe ngo hakoreshwe imiti idafite ubukana buri hejuru, yazakurura ibindi bibazo bisanzwe bizwi ryo kubangamira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima kandi n’ikibazo ubwacyo ntikibonerwe umuti wa burundu kuko kwica utu dukoko utabanje kurandura impamvu idutera bisa no kunywa paracetamol igabanya umuriro wa malaria ukibagirwa gufata coartem izwi kuba yica plasmodium, microbe itera malaria.

Reba hasi ibihingwa byibasirwa na whites flies

https://www.virungatoday.rw/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/wfok.pdf

Twifashihsije urubuga: www.almanac.com

Umwanditsi: Musengimana Emmanuel