Haracyari amahirwe ku batuye Isi yo gukumira Ubwiyongera bw’ubushyuhe bw’Isi ndetse no guhangana n’ingaruka zabwo

September 14, 2024September 21, 2024 aut-editor

Nk’uko twabibonye mu nkuru zacu ziheruka, ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe bw’Isi ni ikibazo rusange cyugarije Isi yose, ibi bigaragarira mu ukwiyongera kw’ibipimo mpuzandengo by’ubushyuhe bw’Isi, ibi nabyo bigatanga ihindagurika ry’ibihe rirangwa n’ibiza birimo igwa ry’imvura rirenze ibipimo, amapfa, ukuzamuka mu butumburuke kw’amazi y’inyanja no kubangamira bikomeye urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.

Birazwi ko ubu bwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe bw’Isi bufite inkomoko mu bikorwa bya muntu. Ibi bikorwa nibyo byohereza mu kirere imyuka bita :” gaz a effet de serre” yifitemo ubushobozi bwo gufatira ubushyuhe Isi iba yoherereje mu isanzure, ikabugarura ku Isi igituma ku Isi haba uwiyongera k’ubushyuhe.

Birazwi kandi ko ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe ku Isi bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije no ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ndeste no ku buzima bwa muntu uko bwakabaye.

Birakwiye rero ko Isi yose ikwiye gushyira imbaraga mu bikorwanya birwanya ukwiyongera k’ubu bushyhe, hashakishwa imiti kuri iki kibazo yatuma hakumirwa ubu bushyuhe, kugabanya umuvunduko wabwo cyangwa gushaka uburyo bwo guhangana n’ubu bwiyongere. Ibikwiye gukorwa muri urwo rwego nibyo tugarukaho muri iyi nkuru.

Inzira ebyiri hashakishwa umuti ku kibazo cy’ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe bw’Isi.

Abahanga mu bijyanye n’ibidukikje bemeza ko hari inzira 2 zakwifashishwa hashakishwa umuti urambye ku kibazo cy’ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe bw’Isi.

I.Kugabanya ( attenuation) ubwiyongere bw’bushyuhe bw’Isi.

Gahunda yo kugabanya ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe bw’Isi ishingiye ku ngamba ibihugu, ibigo cyangwa abantu ku giti cyabo bafata ngo hagabanywe cyangwa hirindwe imyuka yangiza ikirere cyangwa se hagatezwa imbere ibikorwa byo kubika carbone ( puits de carbone), ibikorwa bisukura ikirere bikavanamo iyi myuka mibi ya Co2.

Mu myanzuro y’inama yo mu rwego rw’isi yita ku mihindagurikire y’igihe yateraniye i Paris muri 2015 ( COP 21), Abakuru b’ibihugu n’aba za Leta basinye amasezerano yemeza ko ibihugu byose bizakora ibibireba mu bushobozi bwabyo maze ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe bw’Isi bukaguma munsi y’igipimo cya 2°C , ugereranije n’ibipimo byariho mbere y’iterambere ry’inganda ndeste byaba byiza kurushaho, iki gipimo kikaba 1,5°C .

Mu yandi magambo, ibikorwa bya muntu bigomba gutuma ubushyuhe bw’Isi buzamukaho gusa igipimo cya 20c, kuva mu mwaka wa 1850.

Dore uko hagabanywa imyuka yangiza ikirere nk’uko bigaragazwa n’abahanga mu bidukikije.

Guhagarika ibyo gukoresha ingufu zikomoka ku ngufu zitisubira

Ikoreshwa rya Petrole, gaz n’amakara ryahagarikwa buhohoro maze rigasimbuzwa iz’ ingufu zisubira nka : ingufu zikomoka ku muyaga, ku ngomero, biogaz n’ingufu z’izuba.

Haba guhitamo kandi itwara ry’abantu n’ibintu ritanduza ikirere harimo gukoresha imodoka zitwara ku buryo bwa rusange, izikoreshwa amashanyarazi, gukoresha imodoka imwe ku bagenzi benshi, kugendera ku igare cyangwa kugenda n’amaguru.

Gukoresha neza ingufu mu mirimo yacu ya buri munsi:

Kuzigama ingufu dukoresha muri rusange, mu rugo, mu nganda, ahahurira abantu benshi, mu gutwara abantu, hatunganywa cyangwa hahererekanywa ingufu, ibi byose byagabanya imyuka mibi yoherezwa mu kirere.

Ibi byagerwaho hakoreshwa ibikoresho bidakoresha ingufu nyinshi, hubakwa inyubako zabugenewe zifitemo kwirinda ubushyuhe, imodoka zidakoresha ingufu nyinshi…

Guhindura uburyo ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bikorwamo mu minsi ya none

Bumwe mu buryo ubuhinzi bukorwamo muri iki gihe butuma hoherezwa mu kirere ingano nini y’imyuka ya methane.umwuka ufite ubukana buri hejuru cyane y’ubwa CO2 mu kongera ubushyhe bw’Isi. Mu rwego yo gabanaya no gukumira iyo myuka hashyirwa imbere rero ubuhinzi bufata neza ubutaka, butanduza ibidukikije kandi bwita ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ( agriculure regeneratrice ) . Ubu buhinzi kandi bwita ku kubungabunga amashyamba no ku ikoreshwa neza ry’amazi, bugashyira imbere guhinga batera imbuto ahantu hadahinze ( technique de semi-direct) no gutera ibihingwa bitwikira ubutaka (culture de couverture).

Mu bijyanye n’ubworozi, hagabanywa ubworozi bw’amatungo yuza ( ruminant) kubera ko bene ubu bworozi bwohereza imyuka myinshi ya methane mu kirere. Ibi kandi byajyana no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibiribwa bikomoka ku matungo, iri koreshwa rikaba rizwiho naryo kohereza imyuka ya co2 mu kirere, bigasimbuzwa ibiribwa bikomoka ku bihingwa. Urugero nk’inyma zigasimbuzwa ibikomoka ku binyamisogwe ( ibishyimbo cga soja)

4. Kubungabunga no gucunga neza amashyamba

Amashyamba ni amasoko, ibigega bya carbone akaba amira ( absorber) imyuka ya Co2 igira uruhare runini mu kongera ubushyuhe kw’Isi.

Ingamba zakorwa muri uru rwego rero ni izo guhagarika itemwa n’iyangizwa ry’amashyamba, ibyagira ni ingaruka nziza ku kurinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima no kubungabunga uruhererekane rw’amazi.

5. Gucunga neza imyanda n’ibishingwe

Ibi byakorwa:

a)Havangurwa imyanda ikongera gukorwamo ibindi bikoresho( recyclage) . Ibi byakorerwa nko mu bikozwe muri plastic, mu birahure cyangwa mu mpapuro, ibi bikaba bigabanya imyuka yoherezwa mu kirere igihe hagabanyijwe ingano y’ibijugunywa.

b) Kubika imyanda mu bimpoteri: Kubika bene iyi myanda mu bimpoteri bikumira iyoherezwa mu kirere rya methane ndetse bigatuma na Co2 yinjizwa mu butaka.

c)Kugabanya ingano y’imyanda aho dutuye, aho dukorera. Yagabanywa hirindwa gupfusha ubusa ibiribwa, hirindwa gukoresha ibikoresho bikoresha incuro imwe gusa, ibi byose bikaba bigabanya imyuka iba yoherejwe mu kirere kubera ikorwa ry’iyo myanda n’itwarwa ryayo.

d) Kubyaza imyanda ingufu: Ibi bishingwe bishobora kubyazwamo ingufu zisimbura ingufu zitisubira zohereza mu kirere imyuka yongera ubushyuhe ku Isi.

e)Gushyiraho politiki n’amabwiriza yo gucunga neza imyanda harimo kubuza ikoreshwa ry’amshashi no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kwegeranya no gutunganya imyanda ibora.

5. Ibikorwa binyuranye birwanya ubwiyongere bw’imyuka : Ishoramari, politiki, amategeko n’amabwiriza bifasha mu igabanya ry’imyuka yanduza ikirere harimo ubukangurambaga, guca intege inganda zikora cyane ibirimo carbone (tariffication du carbone)

II. Kubana n’ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe ( adaptation au rechauffement climatique)

Ibi byakorwa hibandwa ku bikorwa byo kwitegura ( se preparer) ingaruka zishoboka z’ubu bushyuhe ku kirere, ibikorwa birimo guhindura uburyo tubaho cyangwa mu byo dukora kugira ngo izi ngaruka z’ubu bushyuhe zitatugiraho ingaruka zihambaye. Urugero ni nk’ingamba zafatwa zo guhangana n’ibiza harimo imyuzure, imiyaga, amapfa, igabanyuka ry’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, n’ibura ry’ibiribwa n’amazi.

Dore bimwe mu bikorwa byafasha abatuye Isi guhangana n’ubwiyongere bw’ubushyhe.

Umuntu ku giti cye

Gutera ibiti bituma habaho ubuhehere, bikanafata umwuka wa Co2;
Kubaka inzu zikumira ubushyuhe ( ku bihugu bikonja);
Gushyiraho uburyo bwo guhangana n’ibiza birimo imyuzure ndetse n’inkongi z’umuriro

Mu rwego rw’ibihugu

Ibikorwa remezo bikomeye: Kubaka amateme n’imihanda, ibiraro, bishobora guhangana n’ubushyhe bwinshi ndettse n’imyuzure
Gucunga neza umutungo w’amazi hagamije guhangana n’amapfa ndetse n’imvura z’urudubi
Kubaka imigi ikomeye kandi itunganye: Kwirinda kubaka mu manegeka no gukora ubuhinzi bubungabunga ibidukikije

Mu rwego rw’Isi

Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kuburira abatuye Isi ku biza bishobora kubibasira
Kurinda amashyamba n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima
Ubufatanye bw’ibihugu: Ibihugu bigomba gukorera hamwe kugira ngo habeho gusangiza bimwe ku bindi ikoranabuhanga n’ingamba zigamije gukumira ubwiyongere bw’ushyuhe bw’Isi.