Ibirimo ibinini, sirop na  supositoire ni bumwe mu buryo imiti itegurwamo kugira ngo ikoreshwe neza mu kuvura umurwayi

Icyo bita forme galenique mu rurimi rw’igifransa, ni uburyo imiti ikoreshwa kwa muganga itegurwamo, igahabwa umurwayi, igashobora kumugirira akamaro, ikamuvura akaba yakira uburwayi aba afite.
Ubu buryo bugomba gutuma umuti ugera ku gice cy’umubiri gifite ibibazo vuba kandi neza.
Forme galenique muganga ayihitiramo umurwayi akurikije aho uburwayi, Igice uburwayi buherereyemo, igihe igikorwa cyo kuvura kimara (igihe gito, igihe cyongerewe) cyangwa se ikigero cy’umurwayi ( umwana cyangwa umuntu mukuru).
Ubu buryo butegurwamo imiti ni bwinshi ariko ubw’ingenzi ni ubu:
1. Orales: Bunyuzwa mu kanwa;
2. Injectables: Bunyuzwa mu nshinge;
3. Dermiques: Bunyuzwa ku ruhu;
4. Inhanlees: Bunyuzwa mu mazuru no mu myanya y’ubuhumekero;
5. Rectales: Bunyuzwa mu kibuno.

1.Les formes orales

Nibwo bukunze gukoreshwa kuko bukoreshwa ku kigero cya 80% by’uburyo bwose bwa formes gelanique.

Ibinini

Ibinini ni zimwe mu formes galéniques zikunze gukoreshwa mu buvuzi kubera ko byoroshye gukoresha, bihendutse, kandi bifite igihe kirekire cyo kubikwa neza. Ibinini bikozwe mu ifu y’imiti ikomatanyijwe, kandi bishobora gutangwa mu buryo butandukanye. Ikinini kiba gifite kenshi umurongo ukigabanyamo kabiri ibituma gishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri, kimwe muri ibyo byombi kikaba gishobora gutangwaho igipimo ( dose) yo kunywa.

Kugira ngo gishobore kubika neza ndetse no mu rwego rwo guhisha ubusharire, ikinini kiba gifite agace k’inyuma ( pellicule, enrobage).

Habaho:

1. Ibinini bisanzwe (Comprimés simples): Binyweshwa amazi kandi bigakorakora vuba.
2. Ibinini by’ifu (Comprimés effervescents): Bishyirwa mu mazi bigashonga, bikaba byiza ku bantu bagorwa no kumira.
3. Ibinini by’igihe kirekire (Comprimés à libération prolongée): Bitanga umuti buhoro buhoro mu mubiri, bikaba byiza mu kuvura indwara z’igihe kirekire.
4. Ibinini by’imbere mu kanwa (Comprimés sublinguaux): Bishyirwa munsi y’ururimi kugira ngo umuti winjire mu maraso vuba.

Ibinini biroroshye gufata ariko bishobora kugorana kumira ku bantu bamwe.Ibinini bikunze gukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zitandukanye, harimo iz’igogorwa, iz’umutima, n’iz’uburumbuke.

2.Gelule

Gélule ni imwe mu buryo bw’imiti ikoreshwa mu buvuzi, ikaba ifite ishusho y’uducupa duto dukozwe mu gélatine cyangwa cellulose.
Gelule zigizwe na enveloppes 2 zicomekeranye zuzuyemo ifu, poudre.Zigomba kunyweshwa amazi kugira ngo zidafatwa mu muhogo.

Bimwe mu biranga gelule

1. Ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuti: Gélule zirinda umuti imbere kugira ngo utangirika, cyane cyane ku miti ifite impumuro mbi cyangwa uburyohe bubi.
2. Gukoresha byoroshye: Ziroroshye kumira, kandi zishobora gufungurwa kugira ngo umuti ushyirwe mu mazi cyangwa mu biryo ku bantu batagorwa no kumira.
3. Ubwoko bw’umuti: Gélule zishobora kuba zifite umuti w’ifu, granules, cyangwa w’amazi imbere.

– Gélules zifite ubushobozi bwo kurinda umuti imbere ku buryo bwiza, cyane cyane ku miti ifite impumuro mbi cyangwa uburyohe bubi.
– Ibinini ntibifite ubwo bushobozi bwo kurinda umuti nk’uko bimeze kuri gélules.

Formes liquides
Formes liquides zikoreshwa mu buvuzi ni imiti ifite ishusho y’amazi cyangwa ibindi bintu byoroshye. Zikunze gukoreshwa kubera ko zorohera abarwayi, cyane cyane abana cyangwa abakuze bagira ibibazo byo kumira ibinini. Dore zimwe muri zo:

1. Sirop: Imiti y’amazi ifite isukari, ikunze gukoreshwa ku bana kubera uburyohe bwayo.

2. Suspensions: Imiti y’amazi ifite ibice by’umuti bidashonga neza, bityo bigomba kuvangwa neza mbere yo kuyikoresha.

3. Solutions: Imiti y’amazi aho umuti uba warashonze neza, ikaba yoroshye gukoresha.

4. Gouttes: Imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo bw’udutonyanga, cyane cyane ku maso, amatwi, cyangwa umunwa.

5. Ampoules: Imiti y’amazi itangwa mu buryo bw’inshinge cyangwa kunywa, ikunze kuba ifunze neza mu macupa mato.

Formes dermiques

Formes dermiques z’imiti ni uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti ku ruhu kugira ngo ikore ku gice runaka cyangwa yinjire mu mubiri binyuze mu ruhu. Izi formes zikoreshwa cyane mu buryo bwo kuvura indwara z’uruhu cyangwa gutanga imiti ikenewe mu maraso buhoro buhoro.

Bumwe muri ubwo buryo ni:

cremes: Ifasha mu guheheza uruhu no kuvura uburwayi burimo eczema n’ubundi burwayi bwo ku ruhu;

Pommade: Bugira amavuta mneshi kurusha creme, bukoreshwa ku ruhu rwakanyaraye cyangwa rwagaragayeho ibimenyetso by’ubwivumbure.

Gels: Zikoreshwa mu burwayi bwa inflammation cyangwa mu kugabanya ububabare

Patchs transdermique: Zohereza umuti mu maraso binyuze mu ruhu.

Lotion: Zirororhereye kandi zikoreshwa igihe ari ngombwa ku gice kinini cy’uruhu.

 

Poudres: Zikoreshwa ku bwivumbure bw’uruhu cyangwa uburwayi buterwa na champignons.

Formes injectables

Formes injectables ni uburyo bw’imiti iba yateguwe kugira ngo ihabwe umurwayi binyuze mu gushorwamo inshinge. Akenshi iyi miti iba ari amazi cyangwa umuti w’amavuta ufite uburyo butangaje bwo kwinjira mu mubiri mu gihe gito cyane.Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa ni ubu:

– Inshinge mu mitsi (Intraveineuse/IV): Imiti yinjizwa mu mitsi kugirango ikore vuba mu mubiri.

Akenshi ikoreshwa mu gihe cy’ubutabazi cyangwa ubwo umurwayi akeneye gufashwa byihutirwa.
– Inshinge mu gihimba cy’imikaya (Intramusculaire/IM): Imiti itangwa mu musokoro w’imikaya kugirango yinjire buhoro mu mubiri, nk’ibinini cyangwa vitamini.

– Inshinge munsi y’uruhu (Sous-cutanée/SC): Imiti yashyizwe munsi y’uruhu, akenshi ikoreshwa ku miti igomba gutangwa mu buryo buhoraho, nk’imiti ya diyabete.

Formes inhallees

Formes inhalées ni uburyo bw’imiti itangwa binyuze mu guhumeka, aho umuti uba wateguwe mu buryo bw’ifu cyangwa amazi yoroheje (aérosol). Iyi miti ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura indwara z’ubuhumekero nka asima cyangwa bronchite chronique obstructive (BPCO).

Inyungu z’uburyo bwo guhumeka imiti:
– Umuti ukora vuba kuko ugera ku mwanya ugomba kuvurwa (nko mu bihaha).
– Bifasha kugabanya ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba ku bindi bice by’umubiri.
– Dosi y’umuti ikoreshwa iba ari ntoya ugereranyije n’uburyo busanzwe.

Ibikoresho bikoreshwa:
– Inhalateurs doseurs: Ibikoresho byoroheje bifasha umurwayi guhumeka umuti mu buryo bworoshye.

– Nébuliseurs: Ibikoresho bihindura umuti w’amazi ukaba umwuka woroshye, by’umwihariko ku bana cyangwa abarwayi bafite ibibazo byo guhumeka.

Iyi nzira y’itangwa ry’imiti ikenera ko umurwayi amenya neza uko akoresha ibikoresho kugira ngo umuti ugere aho ugomba gukora neza.

Formes rectales

Formes rectales ni uburyo bw’imiti itangwa binyuze mu kuyishyira mu mwanya w’inyuma (rectum). Iyi nzira ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gihe umurwayi atabasha kunywa imiti cyangwa mu gihe hakenewe ko umuti ukora vuba.

Ingero za formes rectales:
– Suppositoires: Imiti ifite ishusho y’ikibumbe cyangwa igororotse, ikoreshwa mu kuvura ibibazo by’uburibwe, umuriro, cyangwa constipation.

– Lavements: Amazi cyangwa umuti w’amazi ushyirwa mu mwanya w’inyuma kugira ngo ufashe mu gusukura cyangwa kuvura ibibazo by’ubuhumekero.

– Pommades rectales: Amavuta akoreshwa ku ruhu rw’inyuma cyangwa imbere mu kuvura ibibazo by’ibisebe cyangwa hemoroïde.

Iyi nzira ifite inyungu zirimo kwirinda kunyura mu gifu, bityo bikagabanya ingaruka mbi z’imiti ku gifu. Ariko kandi, ikoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye bitewe n’ubwoko bw’uburwayi.

Formes galenique ku miti yo mu mazuru, mu matwi no mu maso

Formes galéniques ku mazuru, amatwi n’amaso ni uburyo bw’imiti yateguwe kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu buryo bwihariye kandi igere ku mwanya ugomba kuvurwa. Dore ingero z’uburyo bukoreshwa kuri buri gice:

Ku mazuru:
– *Sprays nasaux*: Imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura ibibazo by’ubuhumekero cyangwa allergies.
– *Gouttes nasales*: Amazi y’imiti ashyirwa mu mazuru kugira ngo avure infections cyangwa agabanye inflammation.
– *Poudres inhalées*: Imiti y’ifu ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara z’ubuhumekero.

Ku maso:

– Collyres (gouttes ophtalmiques): Amazi y’imiti ashyirwa mu maso mu kuvura allergies, infections, cyangwa amasohoro y’umurwayi.
– Pommades ophtalmiques: Amavuta akoreshwa mu kuvura ibibazo by’amaso nk’ibisebe cyangwa infections.
– Gels ophtalmiques: Imiti y’amazi yoroheje ikoreshwa mu kuvura cyangwa gutanga hydration ku maso.

Ku matwi:
– Gouttes auriculaires: Amazi y’imiti ashyirwa mu matwi mu kuvura infections cyangwa kugabanya ububabare.
– Sprays auriculaires: Imiti ikoreshwa mu gusukura cyangwa kuvura ibibazo by’amatwi.

Umwanditsi: Musengimana Emmanuel