Iby’ingenzi wamenya ku ngingo ndasimburwa z’umubiri wacu

Birazwi ko buri rugingo rw’umubiri wacu rufite inshingano rwihariye mu mubiri, ingingo zose zikaba zihuriza hamwe maze umubiri wacu ugashobora gukora neza. Nubwo bishoboka ko umuntu yabaho nta rugingo nk’urwagashya cyangwa impindura, ntabwo byashoboka ko umuntu yabaho abura urugingo nk’umutima cyangwa umwijima, kubura rumwe muri izi ngingo biganisha ku rupfu rwa burundu.

Ingingo eshanu ndasimburwa zo mu mubiri wacu ni : Ubwonko, ibihaha, umwijima, umutima n’impyiko

Ubwonko

• Ubwonko ni rwo rugingo rugenzura rukanategeka imikorere y’ibindi bice by’umubiri. Ubwonko bwakira amakuru ruhawe n’ingingo z’imyiyumvire yacu ( amaso, amazuru, amatwi,….) hanyuma bugatanga amabwiriza y’ikigomba gukorwa ku byabaye.
• Bwakira amakuru avuye ahantu hanyuranye, bigatuma umuntu ashobora kumva no kubana n’ibiboneka byose kuri iyi Isi.
• Ububiko bw’amakuru n’ubumenyi bigatuma dushobora kumenya ibintu bishya, dukarishya ubwenge
• Bigenzura amarangamutima yacu n’imyitwarire yacu.

Umutima

Umutima ni umukaya ( muscle) ufukuye uba mu gituza cy’umuntu hagati y’ibihaha byombi . Umutima ukora mu buryo bw’ipompo ikohereza amaraso mu bice byose by’umubiri. Uko umutima uteye, wohereza  amaraso yuzuyemo oxygene n’intungamubiri mu bice binyuranye by’umubiri, hakagarurwa amaraso yuzuyemo dioxyde de carbone, akoherezwa  mu bihaha kugira ngo yongere asukurwe.

Umwijima

Umwijima nirwo rugingo runini rwo mu mubiri wacu(1.5 kg)

Umwijima ugira imirimo myinshi mu mubiri wacu

1. Kuvubura indurwe ikoreshwa mu igogora ry’ibinyabinure
2. Kuvana uburozi n’imyanda iba yinjiye mu mubiri binyuze mu maraso
3. Ububiko bw’ingufu ( energie). Umwijima ubika isukari yo mu bwoko bwa Glucose iba yahinduwe ibyo bita glycogene hanyuma igakoreshwa mu gihe umubiri uyikeneye
4. Ikorwa rya za Proteyine. Mu mwijima hakorerwa proteyine zikenerwa ngo amaraso abe ikiremve ( coagulation du sang) igihe bibaye ngombwa ( wakomeretse)

Muri make umwijima mu mubiri ni nk’uruganda rukomatanya rukora imirimo inyuranye bigatuma umubiri wacu ushobora gukora neza, igihe uyu mwijima ugira uruhare mu rwungano ngogozi, mu gusukura amaraso no mu kubika ingufu nkenerwa mu mubiri.

Ibihaha

Ibihaha ni ingingo 2 cyangwe ( spongieux, kigizwe n’utwobo, udufuka duto), ziboneka mu gatuza mu ruhande rw’ibumos. Umurimo rukumbi w’ibihaha nuwo gufasha mu ihererekanya ry’imyuka ya oxygene na dioxyde de carbone  hagati y’amaraso no hanze.

Dore ko ihumeka rikorwa

1. Kwinjiza umwuka wo hanze ( inspiration de l’ air). Ibihaha byakira umwuka winjiriye mu miyoboro iboneka mu bihaha ( trachee), hanyuma ukerekeza mu dufuka twabugenewe ( alveoles);
2. Ihererakanya ry’imyuka ( echange gazeux). Muri twadufuka, umwuka wa oxygene werekeza mu maraso, hanyuma dioxyde de carbone, nayo ikava mu maraso yerekeza muri twa dufuka.
3. Gusohora Diyoxyde de carbone ( expiration). Umwuka wa dioxide woherezwa hanze

Impyiko

Impyiko ni urugingo ruboneka ku mpande zombi z’uruti rw’umugongo. Impyiko igira ishusho y’igishyimbo. Impyiko zigira umumaro wo kuyungurura amaraso zigakuramo imyanda ari nako zigenzura ingano y’amazi mu mubiri, adakenewe agasohorwa mu nkari.

Hejuru y’ibyo kandi, impyiko zinagenzura ingano y’ibyo bita electrolytes mu mubiri (sodium, potassium, calcium na magnesium), bifite inshingano zinyuranye mu mubiri, zukanagenzura umuvuduko w’amaraso, kandi zikavubura n’imisemburo nkenerwa mu ikorwa ry’insoro zitukura no mu buzima bwiza bw’amagufwa.

Twifashishije : www.caminteresse.fr

Umwanditsi: Musengimana Emmanuel