Iby’ingenzi wamenya ku ngufu zisubira ( energie renouvelable)

Ni kenshi twumva mu biganiro binyura mu bitanagazamakuru binyuranye bivuga ku bidukikije, mu nama zo mu midugudu zidukangurira gufata neza ibidukikije, bakoresha ijambo” ingufu zisubira ariko benshi tukaguma mu rujijo rwo kutumva igisobanuro cy’iri jambo ndeste n’ingero zifatika zarushaho kutwumvisha ku buryo bwimbitse igisobanuro cy’iri jambo.

Ikinyamakuru Virunga Today, nk’ikinyamakuru gifite intego “ubumenyi ku bw’iterambere” cyabateguriye inkuru ibagezaho iby’ingenzi kuri izi ngufu zishyizwe imbere ku Isi yose kubera uruhare rwazo mu kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Ingufu zisubira ni ki ?

Ingufu zisubira zikomoka ku masoko kamere yisubira,yiyuburura, yirema bundi bushya, ku muvuduko munini ugereranije n’umuvuduko wo kuyakoresha. Bivuze ko ari amasoko y’ingufu adashobora gushyira ugereranije n’imibereho ya muntu  hano ku Isi.

Ingufu zitisubira ( energie non renouvelable) zo, bitandukanye  n’ingufu zisubira, amasoko yazo, afata igihe kinin ngo yireme, yiyuburure igituma ashobora gushyira burundu nk’uko bigenda ku mariba ya petrole.

Ubwoko bw’ingufu zisubira

1. Ingufu zikomoka ku izuba

Ni zo ngufu ziboneka  ku bwinshi ku Isi ndetse zishobora . Izi ngufu ninazo shingiro ry’izindi ngufu zose ziboneka ku Isi kuko nta zuba, nta rumuri, nta bushyuhe byaboneka ku Isi.

Ingufu zikomoka ku izuba zikoreshwa henshi mu ngo hifashishijwe panneaux solaires  voltaiques zibyara amashanyarazi cyangwa panneaux solaires thermiques zibyara ubushyuhe.

2. Ingufu zikomoka ku muyaga

Umuyaga, ni ukuvuga ukugenda k’umwuka  mu kirere, niwo ubyara izi ngufu. Nazo ni ingufu zisubira kuko nk’uko biri mu miterere y’Isi, umuyaga uzahoraho, ni ingufu rero nazo zidateze gushyira ugereranije n’ubuzima bw’ikiremwamuntu. Izi ngufu zikoreshwa mu kobona amashanyarazi, aboneka hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bita “ eolienne” bishyirwa ku butaka cyangwa mu nyanja rwagati.

3. Ingufu zikomoka ku mazi: Hydroelectricite:

Izi ngufu ziboneka hifashishijwe amazi agenda, anyura ahantu hahanamye akabyazwa amashanyarazi. Aya mazi ashobora kubanza yakorerwa ingomero cyangwa hagakoreshwa umuvuduko usanzwe w’umugezi batabanje kugomera.

4. Energie hifashishijwe ubushyuhe bwo mu nda y’Isi: Energie geothermique

Izi ngufu ziboneka iyo hashoboye kuboneka ubushyuhe bwo mu nda y’Isi, bukabyazwa amashanyarazi, ibikunze kuboneka mu turere turimo ibirunga bitarazima. Ibi bigerwaho hubakwa amariba y’ubushyuhe  bukomoka mu nda y’Isi cyangwa ubundi buryo bwabugenewe. Ibikomoka muri aya mariba, iyo bigeze imusozi, bibyazwa amashanyarazi.

5. Ingufu zikomoka mu nyanja : Energie marine

Amazi yo mu nyanja akunze kuzamo imiyaga ikomeye itera imivumba n’ishuheri mu nyanja. Iyi mivumba ibyazwa amashanyarazi cyangwa ubushyuhe.

6. Ingufu za biomasse

Izi ngufu zikomoka ku bimera cyangwa inyamaswa (matieres organiques, zifitemo carbone): ibyatsi, imyanda ikomoka ku bantu no ku nyamaswa. Mu Rwanda ingufu zizwi ni izikomoka ku mase cyangwa ku myanda ya muntu.

Ubwiza bw’ ingufu zisubira ugerarnije n’izitisubira

1. Zigabanya iyoherezwa mu kirere by’ibyuka byangiza ikirere ( gaz a effet de serre).

Ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zisubira nk’izikomoka ku izuba cyangwa umuyaga rituma habaho igabanuka rinini by’ibyuka byangiza ikirere, ibituma izi ngufu zakoreshwa hirindwa ihumanywa ry’ikirere.

2. Kwihaza ku ngufu zidahenze:

Gukoresha izi ngufu byagabanya amafranga atabarika akoreshwa hatumizwa Petrole n’ibindi biyikomokaho.

3. Gutanga akazi.

Inganda zibyara izi ngufu zirushaho kwiyongera bikabyara akazi kanyuranye kaboneka hakora cyangwa hakoreshwa izi ngufu

4. Ibikorwa byo kubona izi ngufu ntibihenze

Nubwo gutangiza inganda zibyara ingufu zisubira bihenda, ariko ibijyanye no kuzikoresha ndetse no kuzibungabunga ntibihenze ugereranije n’ingufu zitisubira

5. Ingaruka nziza ku buzima bwa muntu

Ingufu zisubira ntizanduza umwuka duhumeka bityo hakagabanuka ibibazo biterwa n’umwuka uba wanduye.

Ibibazo mu ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zisubira

1.Kutaboneka buri gihe
Kubona ingufu zisubira nk’izikomoka ku izuba cyangwa ku muyaga biterwa nuko ikirere kimeze, cyaramutse. Ntushobora kubona ingufu z’izuba nijoro cyangwa mu gihe cy’ibihu byinshi, ingufu z’umuyaga nazo ziboneka ari uko umuyaga uhari, uhushye.

2.Ikiguzi gihenze cyo kubona ibyangombwa bituma ubona izi ngufu.
Ibikorwaremezo birahenze nubwo bigenda byiyishyura uko igihe kigenda gihita

3.Ingaruka ku bidukikije
Ingomero zubakwa ku migezi no ku biyaga zishobora kubanagmira imibereho y’ibinyabuzima byo muri ayo mazi

4..Ikoreshwa ry’ubuso bunini
Ibikorwaremezo bikenerwa hatunganywa ingufu zisubira byubaka ku butaka bunini, ibyatera ikibazo ku mikoreshereze y’ubutaka

5.Ikibazo cyo kubika izi ngufu
Kubika izi ngufu birahenze kubera ko batiri zikoreshwa habikwa izi ngufu zirahenze kimwe n’ubundi buryo bundi buhari bukoreshwa mu kuzibika.

Uko byagenda kose ariko, ingufu zisubira niyo mahitamo ya muntu muri iki gihe hagamije gukoresha ingufu z’igihe kirekire kandi zibungabunga ibidukikije.
Twifashishije:
www.un.org
www.alterna-energie.fr

Umwanditsi: Museengimana Emmanuel