None kuwa 5/06/2024 harizizhizwa umunsi mukuru wahariwe ibidukikije ku Isi, akaba ari umwanya wa buri wese ku Isi ngo atekereze ku ruhare rwe mu kurwanya ibikomeje kubangamira ubuzima ku Isi muri rusange n’ubw’ikiremwamuntu ku bw’umwihariko, ku isonga hari ukwangirika gukabije ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Ni muri urwo rwego ikinyamakuru Virunga Today cyifuje kugaruka ku kibazo cyugarije Isi yose, ikibazo cy’ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe ku Isi, kibategurira inkuru irambuye ku myuka, gaz, igira uruhare runini mu kwiyongera k’ubu bushyuhe ku Isi. Iyo myuka ni iyihe, igira ite uruhare mu kwiyongera k’ubu bushyuhe, ni ibihe bikorwa bya muntu bigira uruhare mu kwiyongera kw’iyi myuka.
Kimwe mu bituma ku Isi dutuye haba ubuzima, ni ukuba iyi Isi ifite ikirere, atmosphère. Imwe mu myuka, gaz, iba muri iki kirere ifite akamaro ko gufatira ubushyuhe bityo bigatuma Isi igira ibipimo by’ubushyuhe biberanye n’ubuzima, iyo myuka niyo bita :” gaz à effet de serre”.
Izo gaz à effet de serre ni izi kandi zikomoka aha hakurikira: 1.Vapeur d’eau , H2O, ni amazi aya atemba yo ku Isi ahindukamo umwuka ujya mu kirere;
2.Gaz carbonique, CO2, ikomoka ku binyabuzima byashangutse (decomposition) ni ukuvuga inyamaswa cyangwa ibimera; 3.Methane, CH4, ikomoka ku gushanguka (décomposition) kw’ibimera;
4.L’oxyde de diazote , N2O, ikomoka ku bikorwa by’utunyabuzima duto, microbes, mu butaka (dénitrification).
Vapeur d’eau niyo gaz à effet de serre iboneka ku bwinshi ku Isi, ubwayo yihariye icyakabiri cy’ibikorwa byose by’izi gaz à effet de serre.
CO2 ni ikinyabutabire kigizwe na Carbone 1 na oxygene 2Vapeur d’eau nizo zihariye 1/2 cy’ingano cya za gsz a effet de serreUbworozi bw’inka, mu byohereza ku bwinshi gaz methane mu kirerOxyde de diazote ikomoka mu bikorwa bya za microbes mu butaka
Akamaro ka gaz a effet de serre
Nk’uko twabibonye hejuru, Izi gaz zigira uruhare mu gufata ( retenir), muri atmosphère ubushyuhe buba bwaturutse ku mirasire y’izuba.
Mu gufatira ubu bushyuhe, iyi myuka igira uruhare mu kugabanya ikinyuranyo cy’ubushyuhe bw’amanywa n’ubw’ijoro biboneka ku Isi. Ibi bituma impuzandengo y’igipimo cy’ubushuhe ku Isi kiba 15∘C. Hatabayeho iyi myuka, iki gipimo cyaba kuri −18∘C, ibyatuma amazi ahinduka urubura, biganisha ku bibazo mu mibereho y’ibinyabuzima biba ku Isi.
1.Mu mirasire yoherezwa ku Isi n’izuba, igice kimwe cy’iyo mirasire gisubizwa hirya y’Isi, naho ikindi kikerekeza muri atmosphère;
2.Muri iyo mirasire yoherezwa muri atmosphère, hari igera ku Isi, igacengera mu butaka no mu nyanja, igituma ubushyuhe kuri ibyo byombi bwiyongera;
3.Isi ifata igipande kimwe cy’iyo mirasire yabonye, ikayihinduramo ubushyuhe ikabwohereza muri atmosphère; Nibyo bita” rayonnement infrarouge” mu rurimi rw’i gifaransa, ( ibintu byagereranywa n’igihe ucanye imbabura, ubushyuhe bwayo bugasakara ahayegereye);
4. Igipande kimwe cy’ubwo bushyuhe, cy’iyo rayonnement infrarouge, cyambukiranya ikirere kigasubira hanze y’Isi;
5.Ikindi gipande gisigaye cy’ubwo bushyuhe Isi yohereza mu kirere, kimirwa ( absorber) na za gaz à effet de serre, igituma ubushyuhe bwiyongera mu kirere;
6.Izi gaz à effet de serre nazo zirahindukira zigasubiza igipande cy’ubushyuhe zamize zikagisubiza ku Isi.
Ubu bushyuhe gaz à effet de serre zisubiza ku Isi, nibwo butuma Isi igira cya gipimo twabonye cya 15∘C, byumvikane ko izi gaz zitagaruye buriya bushyuhe, Isi yagira ubukonje bwinshi ari bwo buri mu gipimo twabonye cya −18∘C.
Ubwiyongere bukabije bwa gaz à effet de serre
Ibikorwa binyuranye bya muntu mu bihe binyuraye byagiye bituma habaho ubwiyongere bukabije bw’izi gaz , ibyatumye nanone izi gaz zifata ubushyuhe bwinshi ugereranije n’ubwo zari zisanzwe zifata hatarabaho ibikorwa bya muntu.
Muri ibi bikorwa bya muntu byatumye habaho ubwiyongere bukabije bwa za gaz à effet de serre, harimo: 1.Ibikorwa byo gutwara abantu n’ibintu hakoreshejwe ibinyabiziga ,gari ya moshi, indege,….. bifite moteri zikoresha essence mazout….., ibyohereza mu kirere, gaz carbonique, CO2 nyinshi; 2.Itema ry’amashyamba: Amashyamba aboneka hirya no hino ku Isi ni ibigega bihunikwamo CO2, kuyatema ku bwinshi, bivuga gusenya iki kigega, ibituma ikwirakwira hirya no hino ku Isi bikongera ubwinshi bwayo mu kirere, ntihongere no kubaho uburyo bwo kuyihunika. Aya mashyamba kandi asanzwe ari isoko y’umwuka mwiza oxygene duhumeka.
Kurimbura amashyamba ni ugusenya ububiko bwa CO2 no kwibuza umwuka mwiza wa Oxygene.
3.Ubuhinzi butejwe imbere ( Agriculture intensive): Muri ubu buhinzi hakoreshwa amafumbire n’imiti ku bwinshi, ibyongera ingano ya za gaz à effet de serre muri atmosphere.
Ubuhinzi bukoresha amafumbira mvaruganda n’imiti yica udukoko byohereza gaz a effet de serre nyinshi mu kirere
4.Inganda zikora amashanyarazi (Production d’énergie thermique). Inganda z’amashanyarazi zifashisha amakara ( charbon), petrole cyangwa gaz naturel, zohereza mu kirere umwuka w C02 ku bwinshi. 5.Inganda ziboneka hirya no hino ku Isi, zohereza amatoni n’amatoni ya gaz carbonique mu kirere;
Ubwiyongere bw’inganda kimwe mu bikorwa by’ingenzi mu kuzamura ingano y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere
6.Imyanda ikomoka mu nganda ndetse n’imicungire yayo nayo ituma hiyongera ingano ya za gaz.
Ibi ni iby’ingenzi bituma haba ubwiyongere bw’iyi myuka ariko sibyo byonyine nyirabayazana y’ukwiyongera ku bushyuhe ku Isi, ariko biri mu bigomba kwibandwaho ngo hakemurwe iki kibazo.
Mu nkuru izakurikira, tuzagaruka ku buryo burambuye ku ngaruka z’ubwiyongere bw’iyi myuka ku bidukikije.
