Tumenye indwara ya kanseri
Indwra ya kanseri iragenda irushaho kwiyongera ku Isi muri rusange ndetse no mu gihugu cyacu by’umwihariko. M umwaka wa 2020, umubare w’abahitanywe na kanseri ku Isi yose wageraga kuri miliyoni 10, bivuze ko ku bantu batandatu bitaba Imana ku Isi, umwe aba azize Kanseri. Muri za kanseri zikunze kwibasira abatuye iyi Si harimo kanseri y’ibere, iy’ibihaha ndetse n’iya prostate.
Muri iyi nkuru turagaruka ku by’ingenzi mwamenya kuri iyi ndwara ikomeje koreka imbaga, impamvu n’ibitiza umurindi iyi ndwara bikaba byo byiahariye kuri buri bwoko bwa kanseri, tukazabigarukaho tuvuga kuri buri ndwara.
Kanseri ni ndwara ki
Kanseri ni indwara iterwa n’ukwihinduranya k’uturemangingo dusanzwe dukora neza tw’umubiri ( cellules saines) tugahinduka uturemangingo dufite inenge, tw’ibipfu ( cellules anormales), dutangira kwiyongera mu buryo bw’akajagari. Uku kwiyongera mu kajagari k’utu turemangingo birangira, twiibumbiye hamwe tugakora ikibyimba ( tumeur maligne).
Iri tsinda ry’uturemangingo dupfuye, rirangwa n’ubushobozi bwo gukwira umubiri wose, rititaye ku bwirinzi umubiri usanganywe wo guhangana n’ikintu cyose cyaturuka hanze kigamije kugirira nabi umubiri. Icyo gihe niho bavuga ko kanseri yakwirakwiye umubiri ( metastase).
Iri kwirakwira rikorwa binyuze mu rwungano rw’amaraso cyangwa mu miyoboro bita iya lymphatique ( imiyoboro ikorerwamo ubwirinzi ndetse no gusukura umubiri).
Ibimenyetso bya kanseri
Indwara ya kanseri ishobora kurangwa n’ibimenyetso cyangwa bikaba bitabaho burundu.
Ukwigaragaza kw’ibimeyetso bya kanseri, biterwa naho ikibyimba (tumeur) giherereye, uko kingana cyangwa kuba kanseri yaratangiye gukwira umubiri wose ( metastase).
Muri rusange ibimenyetso bya kanseri harimo:
- Gutakaza ibiro ku buryo budasobanutse
- Umunaniro
- Kugira ibyuya mu gihe cya nijoro
- Kubura apeti
- Ububabare buziyeho kandi butinda
- Iseseme no kuruka kenshi
- Amaraso mu nkari no mu mabyi
- Umuriro ugaruka kenshi
- Inkorora idakira
- Agahere k’ubwiza ( grain de beaute) gahindura ibara cyangwa kakaba kanini cyangwa; cyangwa agasebe ko ku ruhu kadakira
- Excroissance ( igihasha ), ku ruhu, gikura cyangwa kikihinduranya.
Ibi bimenyetso ntabwo ari gihamya ko urwaye kanseri, kuko hari izindi ndwara zisanzwe zigararagaza bene ibi bimenyetso, ariko ku muntu bigaragayeho, ni byiza kujya kureba muganga kuko iyo kanseri igaragaye hakiri kare, n’amahirwe yo kuyikira ariyongera.
Ubwoko bwa Kanseri
Ubwoko bugera kuri 200 bwa kanseri bwashyirwa mu byiciro 4
- Cancer solide ( kanseri buye)
Izi kanseri nizo zikunze kuboneka ku bantu (ku kigero cya 90%). Zikunze kwibasira ingingo ( organes), uruhu, amagufwa….
- Cancer liquide cyangwa cancer sanguins( Kanseri buzi, kanseri maraso)
Harimo kanseri z’amaraso, izo mu ruti rw’umugongo n’izo mu rwungano limfatique ( rurinda rugasukura umubiri).
- Cancers metastatiques ou dissemines ( kanseri yakwirakwiye umubiri)
Ni igihe uturemangingo turwaye ( cellules cancereuses) twanyanyagiye, twakwiriye umubiri wose, kure yaho ikbyimba cy’ibanze giherereye. Bityo iyi kanseri ishobora kuva mu mwijima, igakwira mu zindi ngingo harimo amagufwa, ibihaha…Imiterere ya kanseri yayanyangijwe umubiri wose, ifitanye iba ifitanye na kanseri y’ibanze.
- Cancers secondaires ( Kanseri zuririye ku zindi)
Ubuvuzi bumwe bwa kanseri bushobora gutera ubundi bwoko bwa kanseri. Bitandukanye na cancers metastatique, imiterere ya cancers secondaires nta sano iba ifitanye na kanseri y’ibanze. Urugero ni uko kanseri y’ibere yageze mu mwijima, uturemangingo twayo ( cellules cancereuses) dukomeza kuba utw’ibere aho gusa n’utw’umwijima. Havuka kanseri nshya idasa n’aho iya mbere yakomotse.
Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri
Mu kuvura kanseri , hifashishwa, chururgie, radiotherapie, chimiotherapie, la therapies ciblees, hormonotherapie na immunotherapies. Gusimbura urugingo ( greffe du moelle osseuse) bishobora gukoreshwa havurwa kanseri z’amaraso.
Chirurgie ( kubaga)
Ni bwo buvuzi bukunze gukoreshwa kuri kanseri kuko bukoreshwa ku kigero cya 80%. Abaganga babaga urugingo rufite ikibazo bagakuramo ikibyimba kirwarye.
Ubu buvuzi bushobora gutuma hakorwa kimwe muri ibi:
- Hakurwamo iki kibyimba cyose kirwaye ( chirurgie curative)
- Hakorwa isuzuma ku rugingo rurwaye kugira hamenywe ubuvuzi bwihariye kuri kanseri
- Kugabanya ububare buterwa n’ikibyimba cya kanseri cyangwa gutunganya imikorere y’urugingo rwarwaye.
Radiotherapie ( gushyiriza)
Hano bakoresha rayons x kugira ngo bice uturemangingio turwaye( cellules cancereuses) ariko bakigengesera ngo batangiza ibindi bice by’umubiri byegereye ikibyimba. Ubu buvuzi bushobora gukoreshwa bwonyine cyangwa bukunganirwa n’ubukoresha imiti (chimietherapie) hagamije gukiza burundu umurwayi. Radiotherapie kandi ikoreshwa bavura ibimenyetso bimwe biherekeza indwara ya kanseri.
Chimiotherapie ( kuvurisha imiti)
Hakoreshwa imiti hicwa cellules cancereuses. Imiti iterwa mu mitsi cyangwa hagakoreshwa ibinini
Therapies ciblees ( ubuvuzi bwibasira)
Hakoreshwa ibinini maze hagahagarikwa ikwirakwira rya cellules cancereuse mu mubiri.
Hormonotherapie
Ikwirakwira rya kanseri mu mubiri, ryoroherezwa n’ivuburwa ry’imisemburo y’abagabo cyangwa abagore ( hormones sexuelles ariyo : oestrogene, progesterone, testosterone). Urugero ni kanseri y’ibere, iy’umura cyangwa iya prostate.
Imiti ikoreshwa ihagarika ikorwa ry’iriya misemburo cyangwa ikayibuza kugera kuri cellules cancereuses.
Immunotherapies
Ni uburyo bukoreshwa hongerwa imbaraga z’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri kugira ngo bushobore kwica no guhagarika ikwirakwira rya cellules cancereuses.
Greffe du moelle osseuse
Ubu buvuzi busimbura umusokoro uba mu magufa. Bukoreshwa
Hagamijwe :
- Kongera umubare w’utugira ngingo tw’amaraso twashegeshwe n’imiti ya cancer;
- Guha umurwayi ubwirinzi bushya bw’umubiri bwahangana na cancer.
Twifashishije urubuga,: www.doctissimo.fr
Umwanditsi: Musengimana Emmanuel