Ubwonko, urundi rugingo rw’umubiri wacu rwibasirwa bikomeye n’alcool

Virunga Today ikomeje kugeza ku basomyi bayo, ukuri kose ku Alcool dusanga mu binyobwa binyuranye byengerwa hirya no hino ku isi harimo n’ibyengerwa hano iwacu  mu Rwanda. Ikigamijwe akaba ari ugukangurira abanyarwanda kumenya  ububi bw’iki kinyabutabire ku buzima bwacu cyane cyane igihe cyanyowe ku buryo burenze urugero,  ngo tubone gufata ingamba zo kugabanya inywa ryacyo cyangwa kukivaho burundu.

Nyuma yo kubagezaho ingaruka z’alcool ku mwijima urugingo rw’ingenzi mu mubiri wacu, runagira uruhare rukomeye mu itunganywa ry’alcool, none twahisemo kubagezaho ingaruka z’iki kinyabutabire ku bwonko bwacu, urugingo narwo rw’ingenzi rugenzura imikorere y’izindi ngingo zisigaye z’umubiri.

Ingaruka z’alcool ku bice binyuranye by’ubwonko

Alcool ni ikinyabutabire kiri mu muryango w’ibinyabutabire bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ubwonko bwa muntu  ( substance psycho active), bigahindura imyitwarire ye,uko abona ibintu, amarangamutima, ndetse no ku bindi bintu biranga ikiremwamuntu harimo ubushobozi bwo kwibuka, ubushobozi bwo kumenya gukora ibintu bishya, gutekereza, kuvuga, kwigengesera n’ibindi.

Ibi binyabutabire kandi nabyo bibamo amoko anyuranye, alcool ikaba ibarizwa mubyo bita “depresseur” z’ubwonko.Ni ukuvuga ko ituma ibikorwa biyoborwa n’ubwonko bigenda buhoro ( ralentissement de l’actiite generale du cerveau), ibituma n’imikorere y’umubiri wacu nayo igenda biguru ntege, bikagabanya n’ubukanguke bw’umuntu, ukuba maso k’umuntu ( niveau d’eveil)

Dore ingaruka z’alcool ku bice binyuranye by’ubwonko.

1. Gutakaza ingira ngingo ku bwonko ( la perte du tissus celebral)

Gutakaza izi ngira ngingo ( tissus) ni ingaruka yo kunywa inzoga zirenze igipimo kandi ku buryo buhoraho. Koko rero alcool yitwara nk’ikinya ( anesthesie) ku tugira ngingo tw’ubwonko bigatuma habaho gutinda ( relantissement ) mu ihererekanya ry’amakuru mu mikoranire y’utugirangingo tw’ubwonko ( neurones), bganisha ku mikorere mibi y’ubwonko.

Ibi iyo bikomeje mu gihe kirekire habaho iyangirika  no gupfa kwa burundu ku uturemangingo tw’ubwonko, ibituma habaho ukugabanuka mu bunini bw’ubwonko. Iri gabanuka kubera uburozi bw’alcool ritangira kubaho  ku banywi bafata ibirahure 6 buri munsi. Iri gabanuka ry’ubwonko rishobora kugera ku gipimo cya 10-15% ku banywi kabuhariwe bafite uburambe mu kunywa bw’imyaka 10-15.

2. Igabanuka ry’ ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, bwo gukoresha ubwonko ( baisses des capacites intellectuelles)

Alcool igira ingaruka ku mikorere y’igice cy’ubwonko cyitwa  “cortex frontal”, igice cy’imbere ( mu gahanga). Iki gice kandi nicyo gitegeka ibijyanye no kwimenya ( maitrise de soi) n’ibijyanye, gufata ibyemezo, gukora igenamigambi, gushyira mu gaciro, kwihagararaho….

Iyangirika ryatewe n’inzoga ry’iki gice, bigabanya ku buryo bukomeye ubushobozi bw’umuntu bwo gukoresha ubwenge. Ndetse iri ya ngirika rituma uyu unywa inzoga atakaza ubushobozi bwo kuba yazivaho kubera ko aba tagaishobora kumenya gushyira mu gaciro, gushobora guhitamo icyiza. Uku gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gutekereza neza  ninabyo bumushora  mu bikorwa birimo ubujura, amakimbirane yo mu rugo, kurwana mu kabari, ubugizi bwa nabi, kurakara vuba…

3. “Black out”: kwibagirwa no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kwibuka (Black out et Troubles de la memoire).

Bavuga ko habayeho black out ku wanyoye inzoga, igihe uwanyoye adashoboye kwibuka ibyamubayeho nyuma yo kunywa inzoga zirenze igipimo. Ibi bikaba biterwa n’ingaruka  n’izi nzoga nyinshi kandi zinyowe vuba na bwangu ku gice cy’ubwonko cyitwa “hippocampe” kigenzura ibijyanye no kwibuka ( memoire). Ingaruka nuko umusinzi ashobora nanone kwishora mu bikorwa bibi by’ubwiyahuzi ntashobore kurabukwa. Black out iyo ibaye agahozeho, ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwo mu mutwe.

Syndrome de Korsakoff

Syndrome de Korsakoff ni uburwayi buterwa no kubura vitamine ya B1 ( thiamine) mu mafunguro, ubu burwayi bukaba bujyana n’inywa rikabije y’alcool.  Koko rero alcool ikumira bikomeye iyinjizwa rya Vitamine B1 mu mubiri hakiyongeraho ko kenshi abannywi b’inzoga batabona indyo yuzuye.

Abafite bene ubu burwayi, barangwa n’ibikomere bidakira byibasira cyane ubushobozi bwo kwibuka ( memoire). Abarwayi barangwa:

1. Kwibagirwa mu gihe warangije gufatwa n’ubu burwayi;
2. Kwibagirwa ibyakubayeho aka kanya, ariko ukibuka ibyakubayeho kera;
3. Guhimba inkuru ( fabuler) ugira ngo werekane ko nta kibazo cy’ubu burwayi ufite;
4. Kurangwa no kutagira inyungu mu biriho no kutagira intego ku ejo hazaza;
5. Kugira ibibazo mu kugenda, kubona, kureba ibikezi kezi n’ibindi.

4. Ibibazo byo kuyega, kwinyagambura ( Troubles de la motricite)

Alcool igira n’ingaruka ku gice cy’ubwonko cyitwa “ cervelet” ( giherereye ahagana mu irugu). Ibi bituma umunywi agira igabanuka ry’ubushobozi mu kuyega ni ukuvuga guhaguruka kwicara cyangwa kugenda, guhuza ( coordination) ndetse no kubasha guterera ( equilibre), akaba ariyo mpamvu kenshi abasinzi baba babyina muzuna, bandika umunani.

Habaho kandi ukugabanuka mu gufata ibymezo bya vuba bidakenera gutekereza ( reflexe:  nko guhagarika imodoka igihe ubonye ikigusha), ibishobora gukurura impanuka ku musinzi. Umusinzi kandi atakaza ubushobozi bwo gukoresha bimwe mu bikoresho bisaba guhuza ibice binyuranye by’umubiri ( dexterite) nko kwandika, gushushanya cyangwa kudoda.

5. Ingaruka ku bikorwa by’umubiri tutagenzura( gutera k’umutima, ku guhumeka, igogora,…) ( impacts sur les fonctions autonomes),

Mu musokoro ( moelle epiniere)  uba mu ruti rw’umugongo, niho hagenzura imirimo ikorwa n’umubiri wacu tutagiraho ubushake (fonctions corporelles involontaires). Muri yo twavuga: gutera k’umutima, ubwisubire bwo guhumeka, igogora, imikorere y’imisemburo, kugenzura ubushyuhe bw’umubiri ….

Umuntu ashobora kugwa muri koma cyangwa gutakaza ubuzima, igihe iki gice cy’ubwonko cyatewe ikinya n’alcool ntigishobore gukora akazi kacyo, ibi bikaba bibaho ku banywi bita “binge drinkers” bamaramaza mu kunywa inzoga nyinshi mu gihe gito gishoboka.

 

6. Ibibazo mu mikurire ( anomalies dans la croissance)

Hypophyse ni imvubura ( glande) nto iba  hagati mu mutwe mu ndiba y’ubwonko, ikavubura imisemburo harimo nugenzura imikurire y’umuntu. Alcool igira ingaruka ku mikorere y’iyi mvubura ku buryo alccol irengeje igipimo ishobora:

1. Kugabanya umusemburo ugenga imikurire y’umuntu ( hormone de croissance) ibi bikaba bishobora kubangamira bikomeye imikurire y’abakiri bato. Ubwonko ubwabwo buhagarika ibyo gukura ( developpement) hafi ku myaka makumyabiri n’itatu. Ubwonko bukaba bwibasirwa bikomeye n’uburozi burimo n’ubw’alcool muri iki kigero kiri munsi y’imyaka 23. Niyo mpamavu kunywa inzoga ku bakiri bato bigira ingaruka za burundu ku buzima bwabo harimo kudashobora gutekereza neza, kwibuka no kwimenya.
2. -Kongera umusemburo wa Prolactine: Alcool nyinshi ituma haba ubwiyongere bukabije bwa prolactine umusemburo ugenzura iby’imyororokere, ibijyanye no konsa ndetse n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri. Ubu bwiyongere buganisha ku bugumba no ku bibazo mu konsa.
3. Kugabanya Hormone antidiueritique ( ADH) : Alcool ikumira ivuburwa ry’uyu musemburo bigatuma habaho ubwiyongere bw’inkari no kubura amazi ahagije mu mubiri.
4. Alcool kandi igira ingaruka kuri gice bita hypothalamus, kigenzura imikorere yahypophyse , ibituma habaho ikajagari mu ikorwa ry’imisemburo inyuranye n’ingaruka zabyo ku mikorere y’ibindi bice by’umubiri harimo urwungano ngogozi.

   

   

   

   Twifashishije: https://aide-alcool.be/alcool-cerveau

   Umwanditsi: Musengimana Emmanuel