UMUSHINGA WIHARIYE WITA KU GIHINGWA CY’IBIRAYI NK’IGISUBIZO KIRAMBYE KU IBURA RY’IBIRAYI

Ku italiki ya 30/05/2024, ku ncuro ya mbere mu gihugu cyacu hizihijwe umunsi wahariwe ikirayi mu rwego rw’Isi; Ibirori byo kwizihiza uyu munsi mu rwego rw’igihugu bikaba byarabereye mu Karere ka Musanze, ahasuwe inzu zihariye, green house, zituburirwamo imbuto z’ibirayi, mu rwego rwo kugaragaza uruhare izi nzu zigira mu kwongera umusaruro w’iki gihingwa. Uyu munsi wizihihijwe mu gihe umunyamakuru wa Virunga Today ukorera mu karere ka Musanze, yiboneye ko ikibazo cy’ibura kigenda gifata indi intera ku buryo no mu gihe gisanzwe kizwi ko ari igihe cy’umwero wabyo, ibiciro byatumbagiye ndetse n’amakuru aturuka iwabo w’ibirayi akaba akomeje kuba mabi ku buryo hibazwa niba mu Mpeshyi rwagati hari uzaba akibona ni cy’umuti. Nk’uko uyu munyamakuru yabyiboneye,  muri uku kwezi kwa gatanu kurangiye, igiciro cy’ibirayi mu mujyi wa Musanze, cyageze ku mafranga magana atandatu, kandi mu bihe byashyize, mu mezi nk’aya,  igiciro ku kilo nticyarenzaga amafranga magana ane.  Ikinyamakuru Virunga cyasesenguye ibibazo bikomeje kuba inzitizi ku bwiza bw’umusaruro w’ibirayi maze  kibategurira inkuru ikurikira.

UBUSHOBOZI BUKE MU GUTUBURA IMBUTO NO KUYAMAMAZA

Iki ni ikibazo gikomereye abahinzi b’ibirayi  kuko bigoye kuri ubu ku muhinzi kubona imbuto ihendutse kandi ifite ubuziranenge, igituma benshi bahitamo kujya gushakira izi mbuto mu bihugu bidukikije, nazo zikaza zihenze ( zihendutse ugereranije n’izo mu Rwanda)  kandi nta n’ubuziranenge bwazo bwizewe. Nyamara ibi biba kandi bizwi ko mu gihugu cyose hari abatubuzi bakorana na RAB, bakaba bari bizeweho gukemura ikibazo cy’ibura ry’izi mbuto. Ikinyamakuru Virunga Today cyaganiriye na bamwe mubafite amazu atuburirwamo imbuto z’ibirayi, bayivira imuzi ku bibazo bahura nabyo mu itubura ry’ibirayi.

Itubura ry’imbuto y’ibirayi rihera muri za laboratoires zifite ubuziranenge aho bafata uduce tw’ibirayi bisanzwe bakadutegura ku buryo bwa gihanga, tukavanwamo indwara zinyuranye, tugahingwa muri izo laboratoires hakazabonekamo uturayi duto bita vitroplants. Kuri ubu ibyo gutegura izi vitroplants bikaba bikorerwa gusa muri Laboratoires za RAB.

Utu turayi duto nitwo duhabwa abatubuzi maze nabo bagakora ibyo bita mu gifransa “culture hydroponique” , ubuhinzi bukorerwa mu nzu zabugenewe ( green house) aho haboneka ibyo bita “ minitubercule”. Utu twa minitubercules, mu ruhererekane rwatwo  (pre-base, base , certifies) niho havamo imbuto  ihabwa abahinzi.

RAB niyo yonyine itegura vitroplants muri za laboratoires zabugenewe

Ikibazo kivuka kuri uru rwego, ni ubuke bwa ziriya vitroplants,: Kuba RAB ariyo yonyine ifite ubushobozi bwa gukora, bwo gutegura izi vitroplants,  bituma zitaboneka ku bwinshi bityo ni imbuto abatubuzi bakora nayo ikaba nke. Igisubzo kuri iki kibazo akaba ariko hashakwa n’abakorera ku giti cyabo bagashora imari muri iki gikorwa cyo gukora vitroplants, ibigo birimo INES Ruhengeri bikaba bizwi kugira laboratoires kabuhariwe zishobora gukora uyu murimo.

Imbuto ituburirwa mu mazu yabugenewe “Green house”

Ikindi kibazo  abatubuzi bahura nacyo, ni icy’imikoranire hagati y’abo n’abahinzi, abahinzi benshi bakaba baba batazi ko imbuto zihari ndetse no ku giciro cyiza, impamvu bahita bihutira kujya ku masoko yo hanze. Ibi bivuze ko hakenewe iyamamaza buhinzi, ubusanzwe ryakagombye gukorwa n’abagronome.

ICUNGWA N’IKORESHWA NABI BY’IFUMBIRE

Ahandi hakagombye gushyirwa imbaraga ngo hongerwe umusaruro w’ibirayi ni mu ikoreshwa neza ry’inyongera musaruro ni ukuvuga amafumbire ndetse n’imiti irwanya indwara zo mu birayi.Benshi mu bahinzi baganiriye n’ikinyamakuru Virunga Today bavuze ko bashimira Leta y U Rwanda ku bwa nkunganire yashyize mu buhinzi bw’ibirayi ko ariko hari abamamyi bakomeje kwitwikira amajoro, bakagurisha ku buryo bwa forode ifumbire abahinzi baba bagenewe na Leta. Umwe mu bahinzi bo mu murenge wa Cyanika mu karere ka Burera,  yabwiye Virunga Today ko mu murenge wabo hakorerwa forode y’umurwego rwo hejuru igihe cy’ihinga ry’ibirayi, ifumbire ya NPK  y’amatoni n’amatoni ikaba yambutswa umupaka, aho gukoreshwa hongerwa umusaruro w’ibirayi bikunze kwera muri kariya karere.

Ikindi kibazo kivuka mu ikoreshwa ry’iyi fumbire; Hari abahinzi bahitamo gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda ya NPK17 17 17 uko yakabaye aho kuyivangira imborera, icyatuma ubutaka butagunduka. Iri koreshwa rya nabi rya NPK rijyana kandi no kudasimburanya uko bikwiye ( rotation) imyaka mu mirima, aho usanga ibirayi bihingwa  mu murima umwe ibihembwe byose, ibituma nanone ubutaka bugunduka ndetse hakaba n’ikwirakwizwa ry’indwara z’ibirayi ku buryo bworoshye.

ABAGRONOME B’INDOREREZI KU BIBAZO BY’UMUHINZI W’IBIRAYI

Mu bindi bibazo bigaragara bikomeje gutuma umusaruro w’ibirayi uba muke, ni uruhare rwa ntarwo rw’abakagombye gufasha abahinzi ngo hakorwe ubuhinzi butanga umusaruro mwiza ku birayi. Abagronome b’imirenge nibo bakagombye gukurikirana umunsi ku wundi abahinzi b’ibirayi, bakita ku bibazo bahura nabyo. Nyamara aba bagronome henshi mu turere duhinga ibirayi,  bigize nka ba ntibindeba ku buryo nta na hamwe muri aho  hahingwa ibirayi wasanga bita ku bibazo bivuka muri ubu buhinzi, ngo bagire anama abahinzi ku mikoreshereze y’amafumbire ndetse no ku buryo bwo guhangana n’indwara zibasira ikirayi.  Abandi bakagombye gufasha aba bahinzi, ni ab’iswe “abafasha myumvire”, abahinzi bivugwa ko bahuguriwe iby’ubuinzi bw’ibirayi, bakaba bafasha bagenzi babo mu kunoza ubu buhinzi. Aba nabo urebye, nta musaruro ugaragara batanga muri uyu murimo, dore ko benshi muribo nta bumenyi buhagije baba bafite mu buhinzi bw’ibirayi kandi bakaba bakora nk’abakoranabushake, nta gihembo bategereje.

Uretse ibi tugaragaje nk’impamvu zituma ibirayi bikomeza kubura ku masoko yo mu gihugu, hari n’impamvu zo mu rwego rrw’ubukungu nazo ziri mubituma ibirayi bikomeza guhenda. Muri zo twavuga ku mubare munini kandi ukomeza kwiyongera w’abarya ibirayi ndetse n’izamuka ry’ibiciro muri rusange ry’ibiribwa,  rikomeje kugaragara ku masoko yo mu Rwanda no mu karere.

UMUSHINGA WIHARIYE  IGISUBIZO KU IBURA RY’IBIRAYI

Nyuma yo kubona ibi bibazo byugrije ubuhinzi bw’ibirayi na nyuma yo kuganira n’abafite uruhare mu buhinzi bw’ibirayi, ikinyamakuru Virunga Today, gisanga umuti urambye kuri iki kibazo ari ugushyiraho umushinga wihariye kuri iki gihingwa kandi no mu karere kihariye nk’uko bimeze ku bihingwa nk’umuceri washyiriweho umushinga wihariye mu Ntara y’Iburasira zuba. Koko rero byaragaragaye ko muri Minagri hari imishinga myinshi ( SPIU) ifasha mu buhinzi bw’ibirayi ariko nta musaruro ugaragara itanga kubera ko itita ku buryo bw’umwihariko kuri iki gihingwa. Bene uyu mushinga wihariye uramutse utekerejwe, ugashorwamo imari ihagije , wakwita ku buryo bw’umwihariko kuri iki kibazo cy’imbuto,  ikaboneka ku bwiza no ku bwinshi, abahinzi nabo bakegerezwa ubushobozi buhagije harimo  inyongeramusaruro, byose bigakorwa babifashijwemo n’abagronome bihariye babihuguriwe b’uyu mushinga.

Tubabwire ko hagati aho, abasanzwe bakora ubushabitsi mu icuruza rry’ibirayi, babwiye ikinyamakuru Virunga Today, ko uko bimeze ubu, mu Mpeshyi ibirayi bizaba birya umugabo bigasiba undi, ndetse ko  ngo nk’uko byagenze umwaka ushyize, ibiciro by’ibirayi bikaba bishobora kuzazamuka kugeza kuri  1500 ku kilo. Aba bakaba barabwiye Virunga Today ko iyo bigenze bityo, ibirayi bikaba umuti mu gihugu, bitabaza amasoko yo hanze, harimo ayo muri Uganda cyangwa ayo muri Kenya, bakazana ibirayi mu Rwanda, bikaba byumvikana ko biza bihenze kandi bidafite ( Kinigi) nk’ibyo mu Rwanda ( urugero kinigi). Niba kandi ibirayi bikomeje guhenda kariya kageni, hari ababona abanyarwanda bakagombye kureba ukuntu byagabanywa mu mafunguro yabo, bigasimbuzwa ibijumba cyangwa Kawunga bidahenze ku rugero rumwe n’ibirayi, ubwo hasigara ikibazo cyo kumenya niba intungamubiri ziboneka mu birayi, ari nazo ziboneka muri ibyo biribwa bindi.

Umwanditsi: MUSEMMA